Bartolomei Sandro, Totti Valentina, Nigro Federico, Ciacci Simone, Semprini Gabriele, Michele Rocco Di, Cortesi Matteo, Hoffman Jay R
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy.
Department for Life Quality Studies , University of Bologna, C.so D'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy.
J Hum Kinet. 2019 Aug 21;68:59-67. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0056. eCollection 2019 Aug.
The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses of a single bout of an eccentric accentuated bench press protocol (120% of 1RM in the eccentric phase/80% in the concentric phase; [120/80]) versus a regular high-intensity exercise protocol (80%/80%; [80/80]) in resistance-trained men. Eleven men (age = 25.6 ± 3.9 y; body mass = 84.6 ± 11.2 kg; body height = 176.4 ± 3.9 cm) with 6.3 ± 3.4 y of resistance training experience performed each protocol in counterbalanced, randomized order. Isometric, isokinetic and ballistic tests were performed at the bench press (IBPF, ISOK and BTP, respectively) at baseline (BL), 15-min (15P), 24-h (24P), and 48-h (48P) post-exercise for each testing session. In addition, muscle thickness of the pectoralis major (PecMT) was measured at the same timepoints via ultrasound. Significantly greater reductions in BTP (p < 0.001), peak force during both ISOK (p = 0.005) and IBPF (p = 0.006) at 15P were detected in 120/80 compared to 80/80. BTP was still significantly (p = 0.009) impaired at 48P following the 120/80 protocol, while no differences were noted following 80/80. PecMt was significantly elevated following both 120/80 and 80/80 (p < 0.05) at 15P, but significant differences between the trials were present at 15P and 24P (p = 0.005 and p = 0.008, respectively). Results indicated that heavy eccentric loading during the bench press exercise caused greater performance deficits than a bout of traditionally loaded high intensity resistance exercise. Power performance appears to be more influenced by the 120/80 protocol than isometric peak force. Eccentrically loaded exercise sessions should be separated by at least 48 hours to obtain a complete recovery of the initial muscle morphology and performance.
本研究的目的是比较一次离心加重卧推方案（离心阶段为1RM的120%/向心阶段为80%；[120/80]）与常规高强度运动方案（80%/80%；[80/80]）对进行抗阻训练男性的生理反应。11名男性（年龄 = 25.6 ± 3.9岁；体重 = 84.6 ± 11.2千克；身高 = 176.4 ± 3.9厘米），有6.3 ± 3.4年的抗阻训练经验，以平衡、随机的顺序进行每个方案。在每次测试的基线（BL）、运动后15分钟（15P）、24小时（24P）和48小时（48P），分别在卧推时进行等长、等速和弹道测试（分别为IBPF、ISOK和BTP）。此外，在相同时间点通过超声测量胸大肌的肌肉厚度（PecMT）。与80/80相比，120/80在15P时BTP的显著降低幅度更大（p < 0.001），ISOK（p = 0.005）和IBPF（p = 0.006）期间的峰值力也显著降低。在120/80方案后的48P时，BTP仍有显著损伤（p = 0.009），而80/80方案后未观察到差异。在15P时，120/80和80/80方案后PecMt均显著升高（p < 0.05），但在15P和24P时试验之间存在显著差异（分别为p = 0.005和p = 0.008）。结果表明，卧推运动中的重度离心负荷比一轮传统负荷的高强度抗阻运动导致更大的运动表现缺陷。功率表现似乎比等长峰值力更容易受到120/80方案的影响。离心负荷运动训练课之间应至少间隔48小时，以使初始肌肉形态和表现完全恢复。
