Hospital of Psychiatry Muensingen, Department of Psychiatry, Muensingen, Switzerland.
Hospital of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2019 Sep 18;14(9):e0220508. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220508. eCollection 2019.
Hanging is a frequent suicide method, but developing measures to prevent suicide by this method is particularly challenging. The aim of this study is to gain new knowledge that would enable the design of effective of measures that would help prevent suicide by hanging.
A total of 6,497 suicides registered across the eight Swiss Forensic Institutes (IRM) were analysed. Of these, 1,282 (19.7%) persons hung themselves. T-test and chi-square tests. and chi-square tests were used to analyse …(or determine, or investigate) …group differences regarding sociodemographic variables and triggers.
Men and women who hung themselves showed no significant differences in sociodemographic variables. However, women were significantly more likely to have a psychiatric illness history, whereas men were more likely to have somatic diagnoses. In controlled environments, people used shelves, plumbing and windows more often than beams, pipes, bars and hooks to hang themselves. Compared with other suicide methods, hanging was more likely to have been triggered by partner and financial problems.
Suicide by hanging can be best prevented in institutions (e.g. psychiatric hospitals, somatic hospitals, prisons). These institutions should be structurally evaluated and modified with a primary focus on sanitary areas, windows and shelves. Otherwise, it is important to use general suicide prevention measures, such as awareness raising and staff training in medical settings, low-threshold treatment options and regular suicide risk assessment for people at risk.
上吊是一种常见的自杀方式，但开发预防这种自杀方式的措施特别具有挑战性。本研究的目的是获得新知识，以便设计有效的预防上吊自杀的措施。
分析了瑞士 8 个法医研究所（IRM）登记的总共 6497 例自杀案例。其中，1282 人（19.7%）上吊自杀。采用 t 检验和卡方检验分析社会人口统计学变量和诱因方面的组间差异。
上吊自杀的男性和女性在社会人口统计学变量方面没有显著差异。然而，女性更有可能有精神病史，而男性更有可能有躯体诊断。在受控环境中，人们更倾向于使用架子、管道和窗户来上吊，而不是梁、管道、酒吧和钩子。与其他自杀方法相比，上吊自杀更可能由伴侣和财务问题引发。
在机构（如精神病院、综合医院、监狱）中可以最好地预防上吊自杀。这些机构应进行结构评估，并以卫生区域、窗户和架子为重点进行修改。否则，在医疗环境中提高认识和培训工作人员、提供低门槛的治疗选择以及定期对高危人群进行自杀风险评估等一般预防自杀措施也很重要。
