Hemmer Alexander, Meier Philipp, Reisch Thomas
Department of Psychology, Hospital of Psychiatry Muensingen, Bern, Switzerland.
Department of Medicine, Hospital of Psychiatry Muensingen, Bern, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2017 Jan 6;12(1):e0169625. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169625. eCollection 2017.
The goal of the study was to compare the effectiveness of different suicide prevention measures implemented on bridges and other high structures in Switzerland. A national survey identified all jumping hotspots that have been secured in Switzerland; of the 15 that could be included in this study, 11 were secured by vertical barriers and 4 were secured by low-hanging horizontal safety nets. The study made an overall and individual pre-post analysis by using Mantel-Haenszel Tests, regression methods and calculating rate ratios. Barriers and safety nets were both effective, with mean suicide reduction of 68.7% (barriers) and 77.1% (safety nets), respectively. Measures that do not secure the whole hotspot and still allow jumps of 15 meters or more were less effective. Further, the analyses revealed that barriers of at least 2.3 m in height and safety-nets fixed significantly below pedestrian level deterred suicidal jumps. Secured bridgeheads and inbound angle barriers seemed to enhance the effectiveness of the measure. Findings can help to plan and improve the effectiveness of future suicide prevention measures on high structures.
该研究的目的是比较瑞士在桥梁和其他高层建筑上实施的不同自杀预防措施的有效性。一项全国性调查确定了瑞士所有已采取防护措施的自杀高发地点；在本研究纳入的15个地点中，11个通过垂直屏障进行了防护，4个通过低垂的水平安全网进行了防护。该研究通过使用曼特尔-亨塞尔检验、回归方法和计算率比进行了总体和个体的前后分析。屏障和安全网都有效，自杀率平均分别降低了68.7%（屏障）和77.1%（安全网）。那些没有对整个高发地点进行防护、仍允许15米或更高高度跳跃的措施效果较差。此外，分析表明，至少2.3米高的屏障和明显低于行人水平固定的安全网能阻止自杀性跳跃行为。有防护的桥头和入内角度屏障似乎能提高措施的有效性。研究结果有助于规划和提高未来高层建筑自杀预防措施的有效性。
