Kawamura Kosuke, Nakai Ai, Yamada Kazuko, Morioka Ikuharu
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Kyoto Tachibana University.
Graduate School of Health and Nursing Science, Wakayama Medical University.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2019;74(0). doi: 10.1265/jjh.19006.
The purpose of this study was to confirm the association of the status of implementation of nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments with the prevalence of persons with subjective symptoms, the prevalence of persons with diseases under treatment, medical expenses, and mortality rate using prefectural data.
The prefectural rate of eating and drinking establishments implementing nonsmoking (hereafter, nonsmoking rate) was calculated using the data from "Tabelog". The variables of interest were the prevalence of persons with subjective symptoms, the prevalence of persons with diseases under treatment, medical expenses (total, hospitalization and nonhospitalization expenses), and the mortality rates of malignant neoplasms (lung cancer, stomach cancer, and colon cancer), heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia in each prefecture. The partial correlation coefficient was estimated between the nonsmoking rate and the variable of interest using the smoking rate by prefectural as the control variable.
The nonsmoking rate showed a significantly negative correlation with the medical expenses. When eating and drinking establishments were divided into "restaurant", "café", and "bar", the nonsmoking rate also indicated a significantly negative correlation with the medical expenses in any category. It was negatively related to the mortality rates of cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia. The negative correlation was stronger in females than in males.
These results suggest that the implementation of nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments may reduce the mortality rates of diseases, such as cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction, and pneumonia, and medical expenses. Thus, it is important to implement nonsmoking at eating and drinking establishments in line with the Revised Health Promotion Act.
本研究旨在利用县级数据，确认餐饮场所禁烟措施的实施状况与主观症状者的患病率、正在接受治疗的疾病患者的患病率、医疗费用以及死亡率之间的关联。
使用来自“食べログ”的数据计算县级餐饮场所实施禁烟的比例（以下简称禁烟率）。感兴趣的变量包括各县级主观症状者的患病率、正在接受治疗的疾病患者的患病率、医疗费用（总计、住院费用和非住院费用）以及恶性肿瘤（肺癌、胃癌和结肠癌）、心脏病、急性心肌梗死、脑血管疾病、脑梗死和肺炎的死亡率。以县级吸烟率作为控制变量，估计禁烟率与感兴趣变量之间的偏相关系数。
禁烟率与医疗费用呈显著负相关。当将餐饮场所分为“餐厅”、“咖啡馆”和“酒吧”时，任何类别中的禁烟率与医疗费用也呈显著负相关。它与脑血管疾病、脑梗死和肺炎的死亡率呈负相关。女性的负相关性比男性更强。
这些结果表明，餐饮场所实施禁烟可能会降低脑血管疾病、脑梗死和肺炎等疾病的死亡率以及医疗费用。因此，根据修订后的《健康促进法》在餐饮场所实施禁烟非常重要。
