Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Behav Neurol. 2019 Jul 29;2019:9785319. doi: 10.1155/2019/9785319. eCollection 2019.
This study investigated the effects of hierarchical cognitive training using the categorization program (CP), designed initially for adults with cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Fifty-eight participants were included: a group of fifteen young adults with TBI (ages 18-48), another group of fifteen noninjured young adults (ages 18-50), and two groups of adults over 60 randomly assigned into the experimental group ( = 14) or the control group ( = 14). Following neuropsychological testing, the two young adult groups and the experimental older adult group received the CP training for 10-12 weeks. The CP training consisted of 8 levels targeting concept formation, object categorization, and decision-making abilities. Two CP tests (administered before and after the training) and three probe tasks (administered at specified intervals during the training) assessed skills relating to categorization. All treated groups showed significant improvement in their categorization performance, although younger participants (with or without TBI) demonstrated greater gains. Gains on the categorization measures were maintained by a subgroup of older adults up to four months posttraining. Implications of these findings in terms of adult cognitive learning and directions for future research on adult cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation programs are discussed.
本研究调查了使用分类程序（CP）进行分层认知训练对创伤性脑损伤（TBI）相关认知缺陷的成年人的影响。共有 58 名参与者：一组 15 名患有 TBI 的年轻成年人（年龄 18-48 岁），另一组 15 名未受伤的年轻成年人（年龄 18-50 岁），以及两组随机分配到实验组（n=14）或对照组（n=14）的 60 岁以上成年人。在神经心理学测试后，两组年轻成年人组和实验性老年成年人组接受了为期 10-12 周的 CP 训练。CP 训练包括 8 个级别，旨在提高概念形成、物体分类和决策能力。在训练前后进行了两次 CP 测试（CP 测试 1 和 CP 测试 2）和三次探测任务（在训练期间的特定间隔进行），以评估与分类相关的技能。所有接受治疗的组在分类表现方面都有显著提高，尽管年轻参与者（无论是否患有 TBI）的进步更大。在训练结束后四个月，认知分类措施的增益仍由老年组中的一部分维持。讨论了这些发现对成人认知学习的影响以及对成人认知康复和认知刺激计划的未来研究方向。
