中国三级医院急诊救护人员的腰痛及其救护护士的危险因素：一项横断面研究。
Low back pain in emergency ambulance workers in tertiary hospitals in China and its risk factors among ambulance nurses: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Zhang Qiong, Dong Hongyun, Zhu Chunji, Liu Guangzeng
机构信息
Shouguang People's Hospital, Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong Province, China.
Shouguang People's Hospital, Shouguang, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2019 Sep 18;9(9):e029264. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029264.
OBJECTIVE
Low back pain (LBP) could cause serious consequences and has been shown to be prevalent among emergency ambulance workers. Studies on the prevalence of and risk factors for LBP among emergency ambulance workers are scarce in China. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of LBP among ambulance workers, including doctors, nurses and drivers, and to explore the risk factors for ambulance nurses' chronic LBP (lasting for at least 3 months).
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
SETTING
Emergency ambulance systems from 38 tertiary hospitals in Shandong, China were selected by random cluster sampling.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 1560 ambulance workers completed the study.
OUTCOME MEASURES
A paper-based questionnaire that included the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, which evaluated LBP, the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, which assessed ergonomic factors, and the Job Content Questionnaire, which assessed stress, was used. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to quantify the association of potential risk factors with chronic LBP among ambulance nurses.
RESULTS
The 1 year prevalence of LBP lasting for at least 24 hours, 7 days and 3 months was 86.1%, 50.6% and 21.1%, respectively, among 498 ambulance nurses; 70.5%, 36.4% and 15.8% among 519 doctors; and 57.5%, 23.8% and 12.3% among 543 drivers. The factors contributing to chronic LBP among ambulance nurses were the frequent bending of the trunk, heavy or awkward lifting, shift work, low job satisfaction, high psychological fatigue, high psychological job demand, low job control, low supervisor support, older age, female sex and obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
LBP was more prevalent among ambulance nurses than among ambulance doctors and drivers. Many factors, especially psychosocial and ergonomic factors, contributed to ambulance nurses' chronic LBP. Comprehensive measures might be needed to control LBP.
目的
腰痛（LBP）可导致严重后果，且已证明在急诊救护车工作人员中普遍存在。中国针对急诊救护车工作人员中LBP的患病率及危险因素的研究较少。本研究旨在确定包括医生、护士和司机在内的救护车工作人员中LBP的患病率，并探讨救护护士慢性LBP（持续至少3个月）的危险因素。
设计
横断面研究。
地点
通过随机整群抽样选取了中国山东省38家三级医院的急诊救护车系统。
参与者
共有1560名救护车工作人员完成了研究。
观察指标
使用一份纸质问卷，其中包括评估LBP的北欧肌肉骨骼问卷、评估人体工程学因素的荷兰肌肉骨骼问卷以及评估压力的工作内容问卷。进行多因素逻辑回归分析以量化潜在危险因素与救护护士慢性LBP之间的关联。
结果
在498名救护护士中，持续至少24小时、7天和3个月的LBP的1年患病率分别为86.1%、50.6%和21.1%；在519名医生中分别为70.5%、36.4%和15.8%；在543名司机中分别为57.5%、23.8%和12.3%。导致救护护士慢性LBP的因素包括躯干频繁弯曲、重物搬运或姿势笨拙、轮班工作、工作满意度低、心理疲劳程度高、心理工作需求高、工作控制感低、上级支持少、年龄较大、女性以及肥胖。
结论
LBP在救护护士中比在救护医生和司机中更为普遍。许多因素，尤其是社会心理和人体工程学因素，导致了救护护士的慢性LBP。可能需要采取综合措施来控制LBP。
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