Siskind Carly E, Atzinger Carrie L
Neurology, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, California.
Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
J Genet Couns. 2019 Dec;28(6):1069-1086. doi: 10.1002/jgc4.1168. Epub 2019 Sep 19.
Genetic counseling has been a profession for over 40 years, and training programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling are required to have students supervised in at least 50 patient-facing cases prior to graduation. However, there is no standardized information or training for supervisors of genetic counseling students. As a first step toward creating formal and standardized supervision training, we undertook a systematic review of the genetic counseling student supervision literature. A formal systematic review was conducted including establishing a research question with inclusion and exclusion criteria, establishing search terms, searching databases, reading/screening abstracts, examining full texts for inclusion, assessing for quality, and finally extracting data with a standardized form to provide the basis of the review. In all, 151 papers were screened, of which 19 and two erratum were found to meet inclusion criteria and pass quality measures. Main themes from these papers were as follows: Training Model, Competencies, Investigation of Techniques, Difficulties in Supervision, and Barriers. In total, 19 papers provided evidence for the way that supervision is currently being performed and suggestions for what needs further investigation to direct supervision training. Recommendations for genetic counseling student supervision include the following: provide a review of training models to supervisors; provide a copy of the supervision competencies to supervisors; use competencies with lowest self-efficacy to inform future supervision trainings; and find ways to support genetic counselors in becoming student supervisors.
遗传咨询作为一项职业已有40多年的历史，经遗传咨询认证委员会认证的培训项目要求学生在毕业前至少参与50个面向患者的案例并接受监督。然而，对于遗传咨询专业学生的督导人员，并没有标准化的信息或培训。作为创建正式和标准化督导培训的第一步，我们对遗传咨询专业学生督导的文献进行了系统综述。我们进行了一次正式的系统综述，包括确定带有纳入和排除标准的研究问题、确定检索词、检索数据库、阅读/筛选摘要、审查全文以确定是否纳入、评估质量，最后用标准化表格提取数据，为综述提供依据。总共筛选了151篇论文，其中19篇及两篇勘误被发现符合纳入标准并通过质量评估。这些论文的主要主题如下：培训模式、能力、技术调查、督导困难和障碍。总共有19篇论文提供了当前督导方式的证据以及对指导督导培训需要进一步调查内容的建议。对遗传咨询专业学生督导的建议如下：向督导人员提供培训模式综述；向督导人员提供督导能力清单；使用自我效能感最低的能力来指导未来的督导培训；并找到支持遗传咨询师成为学生督导的方法。
