Research Centre for Ecological Services (CESEC), University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor no. 1-3, 060101, Romania.
Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 20;692:1057-1069. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.299. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
Phytostabilisation projects for tailing dams depend on processes occurring at spatial scales of 10 m and at decadal time scales. Most experiments supporting the design and monitoring of such projects have much smaller spatial and time scales. Usually, they are only designed for one single scale. Here, we report the results of three coupled experiments performed at pot, lysimeter and field plot scales using six sampling periodstimes from 3 to 20 months. The work explicitly accounts for the sampling times when evaluating the effects of amendments on the performance of plants grown in tailing substrates. Two treatments with potentially complementary roles were applied: zeolites to decrease availability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn and green fertilizer to increase the availability of nutrients. Zeolites have a positive influence on plant development, especially in the early stages. Analyses of the pooled datasets for all sampling times revealed the possibility of predicting plant physiological variables, such as protein concentrations, pigments and oxidative stress enzyme activities, as a function of the factors extracted by principal component analysis from the metal concentrations in plants, phosphorus concentrations in plants, and sampling times. Two potentially general methodological rules were extracted: account for the spatial geochemical variability of tailings, and cover the broadest possible range of time scales by experiments. The proposed experimental methodology can be of general use for the design of tailing dam remediation technologies with improvements involving the set of measured variables and sampling frequency and by carefully relating the costs to the institutional aspects of tailing dam management.
用于尾矿坝的植物稳定化项目取决于在 10 m 的空间尺度和数十年的时间尺度上发生的过程。支持此类项目设计和监测的大多数实验具有更小的空间和时间尺度。通常，它们仅设计用于一个单一的尺度。在这里，我们报告了在盆、淋溶池和田间小区尺度上进行的三个耦合实验的结果，使用了从 3 到 20 个月的六个采样时间。这项工作在评估添加剂对在尾矿基质中生长的植物性能的影响时，明确考虑了采样时间。应用了两种具有潜在互补作用的处理方法：沸石降低 Cd、Cu、Pb 和 Zn 的可利用性，绿肥增加养分的可利用性。沸石对植物的发育有积极的影响，尤其是在早期阶段。对所有采样时间的汇总数据集进行分析表明，有可能根据主成分分析从植物中的金属浓度、植物中的磷浓度和采样时间中提取的因素来预测植物生理变量，如蛋白质浓度、色素和氧化应激酶活性。提取了两条潜在的通用方法规则：考虑尾矿的空间地球化学变异性，并通过实验覆盖尽可能广泛的时间尺度。所提出的实验方法可以广泛用于尾矿坝修复技术的设计，改进涉及测量变量和采样频率的集合，并通过仔细将成本与尾矿坝管理的机构方面相关联。
