Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
Nutrients. 2019 Sep 14;11(9):2225. doi: 10.3390/nu11092225.
The period of Ramadan (R) is associated with dramatic changes in eating habits involving extended periods of fasting on a daily basis. The current study assessed whether lipids and lipoproteins were impacted during R in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Forty-five subjects in an outpatient dialysis clinic in Saudi Arabia were evaluated for anthropometric and lipid changes on a monthly basis before, during as well as one and two months after R. In addition to routine biochemical measures, anthropometric assessments including hand-grip strength (HGS), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), plasma lipids and lipoproteins were evaluated. Dietary assessment was carried out using 24 h recalls. Over the course of the study, changes in renal-related parameters (creatinine, albumin, Kt/V) were minor, as were changes in plasma lipids. Large high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) accounted for the majority of their respective lipoproteins and their proportions did not change over the study period. Mean LDL particle diameters were higher during the R period, but the changes over the study period were small. Calorie intake during R (2139 ± 709 kcal/d) was significantly higher than the value noted two month post-R (1755 ± 424 kcal/d) and this was associated with significant increases in protein (69 ± 24 vs. 60 ± 24 g/d) and fat (97 ± 38, vs. 73 ± 35 g/d), respectively. No changes were noted with respect to HGS and MAMC. These data show that for HD patients, the period of R results in temporal or non-significant effects on plasma lipids, despite changes in nutrient intake.
斋月期间（R）的饮食习惯会发生剧烈变化，患者会每天长时间禁食。本研究评估了在慢性血液透析（HD）患者中，R 期间血脂和脂蛋白是否会受到影响。沙特阿拉伯一家门诊透析诊所的 45 名患者在 R 前、R 期间以及 R 后一个月和两个月，每月进行一次人体测量和血脂变化评估。除了常规生化测量外，还评估了人体测量评估，包括握力（HGS）、上臂中部肌肉周长（MAMC）、血浆脂质和脂蛋白。通过 24 小时回忆法进行饮食评估。在研究过程中，肾脏相关参数（肌酐、白蛋白、Kt/V）的变化较小，血浆脂质的变化也较小。大高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）占各自脂蛋白的大部分，其比例在研究期间没有变化。R 期间 LDL 颗粒直径较高，但研究期间的变化较小。R 期间的热量摄入（2139 ± 709 kcal/d）明显高于 R 后两个月的摄入（1755 ± 424 kcal/d），这与蛋白质（69 ± 24 对 60 ± 24 g/d）和脂肪（97 ± 38，对 73 ± 35 g/d）的摄入量显著增加有关。HGS 和 MAMC 没有变化。这些数据表明，对于 HD 患者，尽管营养摄入发生变化，但 R 期间对血浆脂质的影响是暂时的或无统计学意义的。
