Tsoupras Alexandros, O'Keeffe Eoin, Lordan Ronan, Redfern Shane, Zabetakis Ioannis
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
Foods. 2019 Sep 15;8(9):416. doi: 10.3390/foods8090416.
Marine polar lipids (PLs) have exhibited promising cardioprotection. In this study, marine by-products such as salmon heads (SHs), their brain, eyes and main optic nerves (SBEON), and head-remnants after SBEON removal (RemSH), as well as herring fillets (HFs), herring heads (HHs) and minced boarfish (MB), were evaluated as potential sustainable sources of such bioactive PLs. The antithrombotic bioactivities of PLs derived from these marine by-products were assessed for the first time in human platelets against platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), while their fatty acid composition was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). PLs from all marine by-products tested possess strong antithrombotic activities against aggregation of human platelets induced by all platelet agonists tested. RemSH, SBEON, HHs, HFs, and MB exhibited strong anti-PAF effects, similar to those previously reported for salmon fillets. PLs from MB had the strongest anti-collagen effects and PLs from SHs and SBEON were the most active against thrombin and ADP. PLs from HHs had similar antithrombotic effects with those from HFs in all agonists. RemSH was less active in all agonists, suggesting that SBEON is the main source of bioactive PLs in SHs. All PLs were rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid, with favourable low values of the ω6/ω3 ratio. Salmon, herring, and boarfish by-products are rich sources of bioactive marine PLs with potent antithrombotic and cardioprotective properties.
海洋极地脂质（PLs）已展现出良好的心脏保护作用。在本研究中，对鲑鱼头（SHs）、其脑、眼和主要视神经（SBEON）、去除SBEON后的鱼头残余物（RemSH）等海洋副产品，以及鲱鱼片（HFs）、鲱鱼头（HHs）和碎粒豚鼻鱼（MB）作为此类生物活性PLs潜在可持续来源进行了评估。首次在人类血小板中评估了源自这些海洋副产品的PLs对血小板活化因子（PAF）、凝血酶、胶原蛋白和二磷酸腺苷（ADP）的抗血栓生物活性，同时通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）对其脂肪酸组成进行了评估。所有测试的海洋副产品中的PLs对所有测试的血小板激动剂诱导的人类血小板聚集均具有强大的抗血栓活性。RemSH、SBEON、HHs、HFs和MB表现出强大的抗PAF作用，与先前报道的鲑鱼片类似。MB中的PLs具有最强的抗胶原蛋白作用，SHs和SBEON中的PLs对凝血酶和ADP的活性最强。HHs中的PLs在所有激动剂中与HFs中的PLs具有相似的抗血栓作用。RemSH在所有激动剂中的活性较低，表明SBEON是SHs中生物活性PLs的主要来源。所有PLs都富含ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（ω3PUFA），如二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA），且ω6/ω3比值较低。鲑鱼、鲱鱼和豚鼻鱼副产品是具有强大抗血栓和心脏保护特性的生物活性海洋PLs的丰富来源。
