State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China.
Environ Res. 2019 Nov;178:108732. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108732. Epub 2019 Sep 7.
Several bisphenol analogues (BPs) are gradually replacing bisphenol A (BPA) in many fields, following strict restrictions on the production and use of BPA. The presence of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may pose risks to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this review, we outlined the occurrence and fate of BPs in WWTPs, and estimated their potential risks to the aquatic ecosystem. BPA is still the most predominant bisphenol analogue in WWTPs with high detection rate and concentration, followed by bisphenol S (BPS) and F (BPF). Biodegradation and adsorption are the main removal pathways for removal of BPs in WWTPs. The secondary (activated sludge process, biological aerated filter, and membrane bioreactor) and advanced (membrane technique, ultraviolet disinfection, adsorption process, and ozonation) treatment processes show high removal efficiency for BPs, which are influenced by many factors such as sludge retention time and redox conditions. BPs other than BPA (assessed in this review) in effluent of WWTPs have low risks to Daphnia magna and early life stages on medaka, while BPA shows a medium or high risk under certain conditions. Knowledge gaps have been identified and future line of research on this class of chemicals in WWTPs is recommended. More data are needed to illustrate the occurrence and fate of BPs in WWTPs. Environmental risks of BPs other than BPA initiating from wastewater discharge to aquatic organisms remain largely unknown.
几种双酚类似物（BPs）在许多领域逐渐取代双酚 A（BPA），这是在严格限制 BPA 的生产和使用之后采取的措施。污水处理厂（WWTPs）中的微污染物可能对水生生态系统和人类健康构成风险。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 BPs 在 WWTPs 中的出现和归宿，并评估了它们对水生生态系统的潜在风险。BPA 仍然是 WWTPs 中最主要的双酚类似物，具有较高的检出率和浓度，其次是双酚 S（BPS）和 F（BPF）。生物降解和吸附是 WWTPs 中去除 BPs 的主要去除途径。二级（活性污泥法、生物曝气滤池和膜生物反应器）和高级（膜技术、紫外线消毒、吸附工艺和臭氧氧化）处理工艺对 BPs 的去除效率较高，这受到污泥停留时间和氧化还原条件等多种因素的影响。本综述评估的除 BPA 以外的 BPs 对大型蚤和日本青鳉早期生活阶段的风险较低，而在某些条件下 BPA 则具有中等到高风险。已经确定了知识空白，并为 WWTPs 中这一类化学物质的未来研究推荐了研究方向。需要更多的数据来阐明 WWTPs 中 BPs 的出现和归宿。从废水排放到水生生物的 BPs 引发的环境风险在很大程度上仍然未知。
