RegenHU ltd, Z.I. du Vivier , Villaz-ST-Pierre , Switzerland.
RAMSES Laboratory, Rizzoli RIT-Research, Innovation & Technology Department, Istituto di Ricerca Codivilla Putti, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2019;82(16):891-912. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1663458. Epub 2019 Sep 23.
Additive manufacturing (commonly referred to as 3D printing) created an attractive approach for regenerative medicine research in musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Given the high number of fabrication technologies available, characterized by different working and physical principles, there are several related risks that need to be managed to protect operators. Recently, an increasing number of studies demonstrated that several types of 3D printers are emitters of ultrafine particles and volatile organic compounds whose harmful effects through inhalation, ingestion and skin uptake are known. Confirmation of danger of these products is not yet final, but this provides a basis to adopt preventive measures in agreement with the precautionary principle. The purpose of this investigation was to provide a useful tool to the researcher for managing the risks related to the use of different kinds of three-dimensional printers (3D printers) in the lab, especiallyconcerning orthopedic applications, and to define appropriate control measures. Particular attention was given to new emerging risks and to developing response strategies for a comprehensive coverage of the health and safety of operators.
增材制造（通常称为 3D 打印）为肌肉骨骼组织工程的再生医学研究创造了一种有吸引力的方法。鉴于可用的制造技术数量众多，其具有不同的工作和物理原理，因此需要管理几个相关的风险，以保护操作人员。最近，越来越多的研究表明，多种类型的 3D 打印机是超细颗粒和挥发性有机化合物的发射器，其通过吸入、摄入和皮肤吸收产生的有害影响是已知的。这些产品的危险确认尚未最终确定，但这为根据预防原则采取预防措施提供了依据。本研究的目的是为研究人员提供一种有用的工具，以管理与在实验室中使用不同类型的三维打印机（3D 打印机）相关的风险，特别是涉及矫形应用的风险，并确定适当的控制措施。特别关注新出现的风险，并制定应对策略，以全面涵盖操作人员的健康和安全。
