Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan.
Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 20;20(19):4662. doi: 10.3390/ijms20194662.
Aging is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all living organisms. In humans, aging is associated with lowered overall functioning and increased mortality out of the risk for various age-related diseases. Hence, researchers are pushed to find effective natural interventions that can promote healthy aging and extend lifespan. Royal jelly (RJ) is a natural product that is fed to bee queens throughout their entire life. Thanks to RJ, bee queens enjoy an excellent reproductive function and lengthened lifespan compared with bee workers, despite the fact that they have the same genome. This review aimed to investigate the effect of RJ and/or its components on lifespan/healthspan in various species by evaluating the most relevant studies. Moreover, we briefly discussed the positive effects of RJ on health maintenance and age-related disorders in humans. Whenever possible, we explored the metabolic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms through which RJ can modulate age-related mechanisms to extend lifespan. RJ and its ingredients-proteins and their derivatives e.g., royalactin; lipids e.g., 10-hydroxydecenoic acid; and vitamins e.g., pantothenic acid-improved healthspan and extended lifespan in worker honeybees , flies, crickets, silkworms, nematodes, and mice. The longevity effect was attained via various mechanisms: downregulation of insulin-like growth factors and targeting of rapamycin, upregulation of the epidermal growth factor signaling, dietary restriction, and enhancement of antioxidative capacity. RJ and its protein and lipid ingredients have the potential to extend lifespan in various creatures and prevent senescence of human tissues in cell cultures. These findings pave the way to inventing specific RJ anti-aging drugs. However, much work is needed to understand the effect of RJ interactions with microbiome, diet, activity level, gender, and other genetic variation factors that affect healthspan and longevity.
衰老是一种自然现象，发生在所有生物中。在人类中，衰老与整体功能下降以及因各种与年龄相关的疾病而增加的死亡率有关。因此，研究人员正在努力寻找有效的天然干预措施，以促进健康衰老和延长寿命。蜂王浆 (RJ) 是一种天然产物，在整个生命周期中都被喂给蜂王。由于 RJ 的存在，蜂王与工蜂相比具有出色的生殖功能和延长的寿命，尽管它们具有相同的基因组。本综述旨在通过评估最相关的研究，调查 RJ 及其成分对各种物种寿命/健康寿命的影响。此外，我们简要讨论了 RJ 对人类健康维持和与年龄相关的疾病的积极影响。只要有可能，我们就会探讨 RJ 调节与年龄相关的机制以延长寿命的代谢、分子和细胞机制。RJ 及其成分——蛋白质及其衍生物，例如，蜂王酸；脂质，例如，10-羟基癸烯酸；以及维生素，例如，泛酸——改善了工蜂、 苍蝇、 蟋蟀、 蚕、 线虫和老鼠的健康寿命和寿命。通过多种机制实现了长寿效应：下调胰岛素样生长因子和雷帕霉素靶向、上调表皮生长因子信号、饮食限制和增强抗氧化能力。RJ 及其蛋白质和脂质成分有可能延长各种生物的寿命并防止人类组织在细胞培养中的衰老。这些发现为发明特定的 RJ 抗衰老药物铺平了道路。然而，需要做更多的工作来了解 RJ 与微生物组、饮食、活动水平、性别和其他影响健康寿命和寿命的遗传变异因素相互作用的影响。
