GroundWork, 7306 Fläsch, Switzerland.
National Nutrition Agency, Banjul, The Gambia.
Nutrients. 2019 Sep 23;11(10):2275. doi: 10.3390/nu11102275.
Data on micronutrient deficiency prevalence, nutrition status, and risk factors of anemia in The Gambia is scanty. To fill this data gap, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1354 children (0-59 months), 1703 non-pregnant women (NPW; 15-49 years), and 158 pregnant women (PW). The survey assessed the prevalence of under and overnutrition, anemia, iron deficiency (ID), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), vitamin A deficiency (VAD), and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Multivariate analysis was used to assess risk factors of anemia. Among children, prevalence of anemia, ID, IDA, and VAD was 50.4%, 59.0%, 38.2%, and 18.3%, respectively. Nearly 40% of anemia was attributable to ID. Prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting, and small head circumference was 15.7%, 10.6%, 5.8%, and 7.4%, respectively. Among NPW, prevalence of anemia, ID, IDA and VAD was 50.9%, 41.4%, 28.0% and 1.8%, respectively. Anemia was significantly associated with ID and vitamin A insufficiency. Median UIC in NPW and PW was 143.1 µg/L and 113.5 ug/L, respectively. Overall, 18.3% of NPW were overweight, 11.1% obese, and 15.4% underweight. Anemia is mainly caused by ID and poses a severe public health problem. To tackle both anemia and ID, programs such as fortification or supplementation should be intensified.
冈比亚微量营养素缺乏症流行率、营养状况和贫血风险因素的数据稀缺。为了填补这一数据空白，对 1354 名儿童（0-59 个月）、1703 名非孕妇（15-49 岁）和 158 名孕妇进行了一项全国代表性的横断面调查。该调查评估了营养不足和营养过剩、贫血、缺铁（ID）、缺铁性贫血（IDA）、维生素 A 缺乏症（VAD）和尿碘浓度（UIC）的流行率。多变量分析用于评估贫血的危险因素。在儿童中，贫血、ID、IDA 和 VAD 的患病率分别为 50.4%、59.0%、38.2%和 18.3%。近 40%的贫血归因于 ID。发育迟缓、体重不足、消瘦和小头围的患病率分别为 15.7%、10.6%、5.8%和 7.4%。在 NPW 中，贫血、ID、IDA 和 VAD 的患病率分别为 50.9%、41.4%、28.0%和 1.8%。贫血与 ID 和维生素 A 不足显著相关。NPW 和 PW 的中位数 UIC 分别为 143.1µg/L 和 113.5µg/L。总体而言，18.3%的 NPW 超重，11.1%肥胖，15.4%体重不足。贫血主要由 ID 引起，构成严重的公共卫生问题。为了解决贫血和 ID 问题，应加强强化或补充等方案。
