Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Disabil Rehabil. 2021 May;43(10):1342-1358. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1665720. Epub 2019 Sep 24.
Cognitive instrumental activities of daily living are particularly related to executive functions, such as scheduling appointments, monthly payments, managing the household economy, shopping or taking the bus. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the available tests for the assessment of executive functions with ecological validity to predict individuals' functioning.
An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, PsyCInfo and IEEE Xplore until May 2019, in addition to a manual search. The PRISMA criteria and the Covidence platform were used to select articles and extract data.
After applying the search selection criteria, 76 studies were identified. They referred to 110 tools to assess instrumental activities of daily living. Those that have received most attention are related to menu preparation and shopping. Performance-based measures are the most widely used traditional methods. Most tests were aimed at the adult population with acquired brain damage, cognitive impairment or dementia. There was a predominance of tests based on the Multiple Errands Test paradigm.
In recent years, it has increased the number of tools that assess the instrumental activities of daily living based on technologies such as personal or environmental sensors and serious games.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAssessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living through performance-based measures is especially useful for the early detection of dysfunctions or preclinical disability.Difficulties in performing instrumental activities of daily living are closely associated with deficits in executive functions and prospective memory.Activities of Daily Living can be understood as multitasks.The use of virtual reality-based tests was shown to be sensitive to the detection of cognitive deficits in Activities of Daily Living.An advantage of using virtual reality in assessments is that it can help to predict the level of personal autonomy in patients who are in an institutional environment and could be a first approximation to the real environment.
认知性日常生活活动能力尤其与执行功能相关，例如安排约会、每月付款、管理家庭经济、购物或乘公共汽车。本系统评价的目的是确定具有生态有效性的评估执行功能的可用测试，以预测个体的功能。
我们在 MEDLINE、Cochrane Central、PsycInfo 和 IEEE Xplore 中进行了电子检索，并在 2019 年 5 月之前进行了手动检索。我们使用 PRISMA 标准和 Covidence 平台来选择文章和提取数据。
在应用搜索选择标准后，确定了 76 项研究。它们涉及到 110 种评估工具，用于评估工具性日常生活活动能力。其中受到关注最多的是与菜单准备和购物相关的工具。基于表现的测量是最广泛使用的传统方法。大多数测试都是针对成人获得性脑损伤、认知障碍或痴呆患者。基于多项任务测试范式的测试居多。
近年来，评估工具性日常生活活动能力的工具数量有所增加，这些工具基于个人或环境传感器和严肃游戏等技术。
对日常生活活动能力的评估基于表现的测量方法，对于早期发现功能障碍或临床前残疾尤为有用。执行日常生活活动能力的困难与执行功能和前瞻性记忆缺陷密切相关。日常生活活动可以被理解为多任务。基于虚拟现实的测试显示出对日常生活认知缺陷的敏感检测。在评估中使用虚拟现实的一个优点是，它可以帮助预测处于机构环境中的患者的个人自主水平，并且可以作为对真实环境的初步近似。
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