Economics, Justice and Society, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, Maryland.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2019;20(sup2):S57-S62. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1654605. Epub 2019 Sep 24.
Numerous strategies proven to be effective in reducing crash fatalities have been underutilized in the United States, including sobriety checkpoints; automated enforcement; lower blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits; primary enforcement of safety belt and motorcycle helmet use laws; alcohol ignition interlock installations; drugged driving screening; lowered residential speed limits; and roundabout installations. If these strategies are implemented widely in every state, traffic fatalities could be reduced by at least 50%. A barrier to implementation is the perception by officials that the public is against them. The purpose of this study was to determine which of these underutilized measures would be favorable to the American public given that they are educated on the research of their effectiveness. A representative survey of 2,000 U.S. drivers was conducted in October 2018 with 30 questions about these underutilized strategies using the National Opinion Research Center's (NORC) AmeriSpeak® survey instrument. Our objective was to gauge the public's opinion of these strategies when they are aware of the research on their effectiveness. Respondents were given a summary of the research on the effectiveness of these strategies and then asked whether they were in favor of them in their communities; 64.7% of the respondents were in favor of conducting sobriety checkpoints at least monthly; 68.2% were in favor of police using passive alcohol sensors at sobriety checkpoints; 60.3% of respondents were in favor of using speed and red light cameras for automated enforcement; 70.1% were in favor of a law that required all cars to have seat belt reminders that continuously chime until the seat belt is buckled, including for rear seat passengers; and 62.5% were in favor of raising the fine in their state for not using a seat belt from $25 to $100. Other results indicated public support for these strategies. The results indicate that when drivers in the United States are given facts about certain strategies to reduce crash fatalities, the majority are in favor of the underutilized strategies. This information could be useful to legislators and highway safety officials in their decisions to implement these strategies.
在美国，许多已被证明可有效降低撞车死亡率的策略并未得到充分利用，包括清醒驾驶检查站；自动化执法；降低血液酒精浓度（BAC）限制；强制执行安全带和摩托车头盔使用法律；安装酒精点火联锁装置；进行吸毒驾驶筛查；降低居民区限速；安装环岛。如果这些策略在每个州都得到广泛实施，交通死亡人数至少可以减少 50%。实施的障碍是官员们认为公众反对这些策略。本研究的目的是确定在向公众宣传这些策略的有效性研究后，哪些未充分利用的措施会得到美国公众的青睐。2018 年 10 月，使用国家民意研究中心（NORC）的 AmeriSpeak®调查工具对 2000 名美国司机进行了一项代表性调查，其中有 30 个问题涉及这些未充分利用的策略。我们的目的是衡量公众在了解这些策略有效性研究的情况下对这些策略的看法。在向受访者概述这些策略的有效性研究后，我们询问他们是否赞成在自己的社区实施这些策略；64.7%的受访者赞成每月至少进行一次清醒驾驶检查站；68.2%的受访者赞成警察在清醒驾驶检查站使用被动酒精传感器；60.3%的受访者赞成使用速度和闯红灯摄像头进行自动化执法；70.1%的受访者赞成一项要求所有汽车都配备安全带提醒器的法律，该提醒器会持续发出响声，直到系好安全带，包括后排乘客；62.5%的受访者赞成将未系安全带的罚款从 25 美元提高到 100 美元。其他结果表明公众对这些策略的支持。结果表明，当美国司机了解到某些降低撞车死亡率的策略时，大多数人赞成未充分利用的策略。这些信息可能对立法者和高速公路安全官员在实施这些策略的决策中有用。
