Windham G C, Bjerkedal T, Langmark F
Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Jan;121(1):49-56. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113982.
The incidence of childhood cancer in twins, in children with congenital malformations diagnosed at birth, and in children of low birth weight was investigated and compared with that in the total population of Norway born live from 1967-1979. Only the malformation group had a significantly increased rate of total cancer (28.3/100,000 person-years) compared with the population (14.6/100,000). The excess cancer appeared to be limited to children with Down's syndrome or a central nervous system defect, who most frequently developed leukemia or central nervous system tumors, respectively. The rates of total cancer in children of low birth weight (9.3/100,000) and in twins (13.0/100,000) were close to expected. However, twins had a significantly increased rate of renal cancer (rate ratio = 4.1). The documented associations between cancers and congenital malformations are suggestive of some common etiologic factors which warrant further studies for their identification and for elucidating possible means of prevention.
对双胞胎、出生时诊断为先天性畸形的儿童以及低出生体重儿童的儿童癌症发病率进行了调查，并与1967年至1979年在挪威出生的全部活产儿童的发病率进行了比较。只有畸形组的总癌症发病率（28.3/100,000人年）与总体人群（14.6/100,000）相比有显著增加。额外的癌症似乎仅限于唐氏综合征或中枢神经系统缺陷的儿童，他们分别最常患白血病或中枢神经系统肿瘤。低出生体重儿童（9.3/100,000）和双胞胎（13.0/100,000）的总癌症发病率接近预期。然而，双胞胎的肾癌发病率显著增加（发病率比=4.1）。记录在案的癌症与先天性畸形之间的关联提示了一些共同的病因因素，值得进一步研究以确定这些因素并阐明可能的预防方法。
