Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
J Anim Ecol. 2020 Feb;89(2):285-298. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13113. Epub 2019 Oct 29.
The causes and consequences of temporal variation in the abundance of organisms constitute central themes in ecological inquiry. Rapid evolution can occur over ecological time-scales, potentially resulting in altered temporal variation in abundance and complicating inferences about the consequences of temporal variation. We assessed whether evolution altered the temporal variability in species' abundances in simple assemblages of species. We then compared experimental results to predictions from two-species models to better understand our results in the context of competitive and predator-prey interactions. We compared founder populations and their evolved descendants in experimental communities of ciliates and rotifers. Using a series of orthogonal contrasts, we then evaluated whether: (a) evolutionary history of invaders or (b) residents, (c) co-evolution among invaders and residents, and (d) invasion itself altered temporal variability in species abundances following invasion by a novel species. Using two-species competition and predator-prey models, we also generated predictions to better understand the effects of evolution on temporal variation in the abundances of interacting species. Finally, we compared experimental and modelling results to aid in the interpretation of which interspecific interactions might be affected by ongoing evolution in our communities. In experimental populations, differing evolutionary histories resulted in significant differences among treatments in abundances and temporal variation in abundances of both resident and invading species. For the contrasts, we found evidence that evolutionary history of the invader and residents, co-evolution among invaders and residents, and invasion itself affected temporal variability in abundance, but the importance of each differed for the two communities and the species within those communities. When comparing experimental results to model predictions, the increased abundance and decreased temporal variation in one invader, Euplotes daidaleos, are potentially consistent with evolution resulting in reduced attack rates in the novel community. Evolutionary history alone can affect temporal variation in the abundances of species, generating important consequences for interspecific interactions among species and complicating inferences about the consequences of temporal variability in biological communities.
生物丰度的时间变化的原因和后果是生态研究的核心主题。快速进化可以在生态时间尺度上发生，可能导致丰度的时间变化发生改变，并使关于时间变化后果的推论复杂化。我们评估了进化是否改变了简单物种组合中物种丰度的时间可变性。然后，我们将实验结果与两种物种模型的预测进行了比较，以便在竞争和捕食者-猎物相互作用的背景下更好地理解我们的结果。我们比较了纤毛虫和轮虫实验群落中的原始种群及其进化后代。然后，我们使用一系列正交对比来评估以下方面是否发生了变化：(a) 入侵物种的进化历史或 (b) 居民，(c) 居民和入侵物种之间的共同进化，以及 (d) 入侵本身是否改变了入侵后物种丰度的时间可变性。我们还使用两种物种竞争和捕食者-猎物模型生成了预测结果，以更好地理解进化对相互作用物种丰度时间变化的影响。最后，我们将实验和模型结果进行了比较，以帮助解释哪些种间相互作用可能受到我们社区中正在进行的进化的影响。在实验种群中，不同的进化历史导致居民和入侵物种的丰度和丰度的时间变化在处理之间存在显著差异。对于这些对比，我们发现有证据表明，入侵物种和居民的进化历史、入侵物种和居民之间的共同进化以及入侵本身都影响了丰度的时间可变性，但对于两个群落和群落中的物种，每种因素的重要性都不同。当将实验结果与模型预测进行比较时，一种入侵物种 Euplotes daidaleos 的丰度增加和时间变化减少可能与进化导致在新群落中攻击率降低有关。进化历史本身就可以影响物种丰度的时间变化，对物种之间的种间相互作用产生重要影响，并使关于生物群落时间可变性后果的推论复杂化。
