Monza Francesca, Cusella Gabriella, Ballestriero Roberta, Zanatta Alberto
Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human Anatomy. University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Pol J Pathol. 2019;70(1):7-13. doi: 10.5114/pjp.2019.84455.
The anatomical museums are one of the most difficult categories of museums to deal with because the issues addressed and the stored materials are complex to communicate and often not suitable for all audiences. The history of medicine teaches us that the knowledge of our body is a fascinating topic that continues to be the subject of study and research. The Italian anatomical museums are mostly university property, often closed and with specimens in urgent need of restoration. Their rooms still house important collections of human biological samples, dry or in liquid, collected between the eighteenth and twentieth century: a historical heritage that testifies to the evolution of medical science and provides a searchable archive of biological and genetic data. The curator of such a museum must confront many issues - museological, legislative and ethical - many of which are unclear and incomplete. This article provides an overview of museological issues in the anatomical area in order to offer ideas and visions, from a comparison of three different examples: the Museum of Human Anatomy of the University of Pavia, the Museum of Pathological Anatomy at the University of Padua and the Gordon Museum of Pathology in London.
解剖博物馆是最难处理的博物馆类别之一，因为所涉及的问题和所存放的资料难以传达，而且往往不适用于所有受众。医学史告诉我们，对人体的认识是一个引人入胜的话题，仍然是研究和探讨的主题。意大利的解剖博物馆大多为大学所有，常常不对外开放，馆内标本急需修复。它们的展厅里仍收藏着大量重要的人体生物样本，有干燥的，也有保存在液体中的，这些样本收集于18世纪至20世纪之间：这一历史遗产见证了医学科学的发展，并提供了一个可检索的生物和基因数据档案库。此类博物馆的馆长必须面对许多问题——博物馆学、立法和伦理方面的问题，其中许多问题尚不明朗且不完整。本文通过比较三个不同的例子：帕维亚大学人体解剖博物馆、帕多瓦大学病理解剖博物馆和伦敦的戈登病理博物馆，概述了解剖领域的博物馆学问题，以便提供一些想法和观点。
