Monza Francesca, Licata Marta
Med Secoli. 2015;27(2):615-28.
The international debate on the issue of human remains in museums and on the ethical issues related to their exhibition stimulates reflection on the Italian anatomical collections and on their preparations. A definition of human remains or of anatomical preparation does not exist in the Italian legislation. The anatomical specimens in museums are protected by the laws of Cultural Heritage as part of public collections, but their status is not well defined. By their nature of human material they would in fact be considered as a special category of Cultural Heritage. Because they are part of a cadaver they can be regarded as res nullius, but since treated with special techniques they could also change their meaning and being considered a species nova. Finally, it reflects on the possibility of creating a museum in Italy composed by new anatomical preparations. The article outline the contours of a museological issue that deserves to be investigated in order to better identify the anatomical preparations and their management in museums.
关于博物馆中人类遗骸问题以及与其展览相关的伦理问题的国际辩论，引发了对意大利解剖学藏品及其制作的思考。意大利立法中不存在人类遗骸或解剖学标本制作的定义。博物馆中的解剖学标本作为公共藏品的一部分，受文化遗产法保护，但其地位并未明确界定。就其人类材料的性质而言，它们实际上会被视为文化遗产的一个特殊类别。由于它们是尸体的一部分，可被视为无主之物，但由于经过特殊技术处理，它们也可能改变其意义并被视为一种新物种。最后，文章思考了在意大利创建一个由新的解剖学标本组成的博物馆的可能性。本文勾勒出一个博物馆学问题的轮廓，该问题值得深入研究，以便更好地确定博物馆中的解剖学标本及其管理方式。
