Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka Japan.
Division of Medical Safety Management, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
PLoS One. 2019 Sep 26;14(9):e0222972. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222972. eCollection 2019.
Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are multi-nutrient products used to increase the energy and nutrient intakes of patients. The aim of this study was to examine whether or not the adherence of patients varies according to their receiving prescription or over-the-counter ONS. Data were obtained from an online cross-sectional survey conducted with patients in Japan. A total of 107 patients who matched the inclusion criteria for the prescription ONS group and 148 who matched the criteria for the over-the-counter ONS group were further analyzed. In the prescription and over-the-counter ONS groups, the main medical reason for ONS consumption were "malnutrition" (48 patients [44.9%] vs. 63 patients [42.6%] p = 0.798], "frailty" (29 patients [27.1%] vs. 36 patients [24.3%] p = 0.663) and "aging" (25 patients [23.4%] vs. 30 patients [20.3%] p = 0.644). The proportion of "No particular disease" for prescription ONS consumption was significantly lower than that for over-the-counter ONS (6 patients [5.6%] vs. 24 patients [16.2%] p = 0.001). The body mass index of the prescription ONS group was significantly higher than that of the over-the-counter ONS group (21.1±4.38 kg/m2 vs. 19.9±3.75 kg/m2, p = 0.0161). In the prescription ONS group, all patients were given medical advice by doctors or registered dietitians. In contrast, in the over-the-counter ONS group, only 46 patients (31.1%) were given advice by doctors or registered dietitians (p<0.001). In the prescription ONS group, ONS was taken significantly more times and for a longer duration than in the over-the-counter ONS group (p<0.0001). However, among patients given advice by doctors or registered dietitians, there were no significant differences between the groups. Greater support by the medical team is still needed in order to maximize adherence to supplementation, especially concerning the calories, timing and period, so that benefits can be achieved and sustained.
口服营养补充剂（ONS）是一种多营养产品，用于增加患者的能量和营养素摄入。本研究旨在探讨患者的依从性是否因接受处方或非处方 ONS 而有所不同。数据来自日本进行的一项在线横断面调查。共有 107 名符合处方 ONS 组纳入标准的患者和 148 名符合非处方 ONS 组纳入标准的患者进一步分析。在处方和非处方 ONS 组中，ONS 消费的主要医学原因是“营养不良”（48 例[44.9%] vs. 63 例[42.6%]，p=0.798）、“虚弱”（29 例[27.1%] vs. 36 例[24.3%]，p=0.663）和“衰老”（25 例[23.4%] vs. 30 例[20.3%]，p=0.644）。处方 ONS 消费中“无特殊疾病”的比例明显低于非处方 ONS（6 例[5.6%] vs. 24 例[16.2%]，p=0.001）。处方 ONS 组的体重指数明显高于非处方 ONS 组（21.1±4.38kg/m2 vs. 19.9±3.75kg/m2，p=0.0161）。在处方 ONS 组中，所有患者均接受医生或注册营养师的医疗建议。相比之下，在非处方 ONS 组中，只有 46 名患者（31.1%）接受医生或注册营养师的建议（p<0.001）。在处方 ONS 组中，ONS 的服用次数和持续时间明显多于非处方 ONS 组（p<0.0001）。然而，在接受医生或注册营养师建议的患者中，两组之间没有差异。为了最大限度地提高补充剂的依从性，特别是在卡路里、时间和时间方面，医疗团队仍需要提供更多支持，以便实现和维持益处。
