Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt.
Reims Champagne Ardenne University, UFR Médecine, EA 7510 ESCAPE, Parasitology Laboratory, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51096Reims, France.
Parasitology. 2020 Feb;147(2):135-159. doi: 10.1017/S0031182019001367. Epub 2019 Oct 23.
The present paper summarizes prevalence, epidemiology and clinical disease of natural Toxoplasma gondii infections in humans and animals from Egypt. The current situation of toxoplasmosis in Egypt is confusing. There is no central laboratory or group of researchers actively investigating toxoplasmosis in humans or animals, and no reports on the national level are available. Based on various serological tests and convenience samples, T. gondii infections appear highly prevalent in humans and animals from Egypt. Living circumstances in Egypt favour the transmission of T. gondii. Up to 95% of domestic cats, the key host of T. gondii, are infected with T. gondii; they are abundant in rural and suburban areas, spreading T. gondii oocysts. Many women have been tested in maternity clinics, most with no definitive diagnosis. Toxoplasma gondii DNA and IgM antibodies have been found in blood samples of blood donors. Clinical toxoplasmosis in humans from Egypt needs further investigations using definitive procedures. Reports on congenital toxoplasmosis are conflicting and some reports are alarming. Although there are many serological surveys for T. gondii in animals, data on clinical infections are lacking. Here, we critically review the status of toxoplasmosis in Egypt, which should be useful to biologist, public health workers, veterinarians and physicians.
本文总结了埃及人类和动物自然感染弓形虫的流行情况、流行病学和临床疾病。埃及的弓形虫病现状令人困惑。埃及没有专门的实验室或研究小组积极研究人类或动物的弓形虫病，也没有国家层面的报告。基于各种血清学检测和便利样本，埃及人类和动物的弓形虫感染似乎非常普遍。埃及的生活环境有利于弓形虫的传播。高达 95%的家猫，即弓形虫的主要宿主，感染了弓形虫；它们在农村和郊区很常见，传播弓形虫卵囊。许多妇女在妇产科诊所接受了检查，但大多数都没有明确的诊断。在献血者的血液样本中发现了弓形虫 DNA 和 IgM 抗体。需要使用明确的程序进一步研究埃及人类的临床弓形虫病。关于先天性弓形虫病的报告相互矛盾，有些报告令人震惊。尽管有许多针对动物的弓形虫血清学调查，但缺乏临床感染的数据。在这里，我们批判性地回顾了埃及的弓形虫病现状，这对生物学家、公共卫生工作者、兽医和医生都很有用。
