College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 26;16(19):3602. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193602.
To make environmental management decisions more executive and targeted, it is essential for decision-making to include local residents' perceptions and preferences for ecosystem services (ES) and biodiversity (BD). This study conducted a questionnaire survey with 386 local residents to explore social perceptions for ES and BD in the Fenghe River watershed. ES contain food from agriculture (AGR), food from livestock (LIV), fresh water (FW), air purification (AP), water purification (WP), water retention (WR), soil retention (SR), aesthetics (AES), recreation (RE), and spirit (SP) in this study. Ranking and Likert scales are combined to identify residents' preferences for ES and BD. The hypothetical market method is used to identify the willingness to pay for BD and ES. Independent sample T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation are used to analyze preference heterogeneity. The results show that: (1) residents prefer WP, AP, AGR, and FW; (2) 51.3% of respondents are willing to pay a fee for improving ES while 48.7% of respondents are unwilling to pay; (3) residents' personal and residential factors affect preference heterogeneity. Last, we put forward three management suggestions on controlling environmental pollution, improving residents' awareness of ES, and establishing a multi-channel fund based on government financial resources for improving ES in the Fenghe River watershed. Integrating stakeholders' perceptions for ES into decision-making can promote the sustainable development in Fenghe River watershed.
为了使环境管理决策更具执行力和针对性，决策必须包括当地居民对生态系统服务（ES）和生物多样性（BD）的感知和偏好。本研究通过对 386 名当地居民进行问卷调查，探讨了丰河流域 ES 和 BD 的社会感知。本研究中的 ES 包括农业（AGR）食品、畜牧业（LIV）食品、淡水（FW）、空气净化（AP）、水净化（WP）、水保持（WR）、土壤保持（SR）、美学（AES）、娱乐（RE）和精神（SP）。排名和李克特量表相结合，以确定居民对 ES 和 BD 的偏好。假设市场法用于确定对 BD 和 ES 的支付意愿。独立样本 T 检验、单因素方差分析和 Spearman 相关用于分析偏好异质性。结果表明：（1）居民更喜欢 WP、AP、AGR 和 FW；（2）51.3%的受访者愿意支付改善 ES 的费用，而 48.7%的受访者不愿意支付；（3）居民的个人和居住因素影响偏好异质性。最后，我们提出了三条管理建议，即控制环境污染、提高居民对 ES 的认识、以及在丰河流域建立一个基于政府财政资源的多渠道资金，以改善 ES。将利益相关者对 ES 的感知纳入决策中，可以促进丰河流域的可持续发展。
