Volikova Antonina I, Marshall Barry J, Yin J M A, Goodwin Robert, Chow Peter Ee-Pan, Wise Michael J
Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Urology Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia.
Res Rep Urol. 2019 Sep 3;11:233-245. doi: 10.2147/RRU.S205383. eCollection 2019.
The aim of this study was to apply and evaluate three ultrasound methods to measure the bladder wall in a healthy population using high-resolution applications and to establish reference points and baselines for future research into lower urinary tract diseases, specifically to understand how lower urinary tract disorders affect the bladder wall and to find objective, non-invasive diagnostic tests.
The study was conducted on 116 healthy volunteers aged 19-79 years old with approximately 10 participants in each decade group.
The following bladder parameters were recorded and measured using a GE LOGIQ E9 XDclear 2.0 ultrasound machine (GE Healthcare, Wauwatosa, WI, USA):Full bladder wall thickness (BWT) and each of three bladder wall layers thickness (BWLT) - serosa, detrusor and mucosa;Shear Wave Velocity (SWV) in m/s, using 2D Shear Wave Elastography (2D-SWE); andBladder wall blood circulation (Resistive Index, RI), using Duplex Doppler ultrasound.All of the above measurements were recorded at three different urine filling volumes: V0 (20-50 mL), V2 (180-200 mL) and V4 (380-400 mL) with ten repeats for each measured parameter. As expected, BWT and BWLT correlated inversely with increasing bladder volume. While there are no large differences in the healthy bladders of men compared with women, or with age, some small, but statistically significant, differences revealed. BWT at V0 is greater in men, as is the detrusor thickness at VO, but there are no differences at other volumes or for other layers. There is a small, but statistically significant thickening of BWT and detrusor layer and increase in SWV with age in men at V0. SWE showed increase in SWV measured at 400 mL bladder volume across all gender and age groups. There was no change in bladder wall vessels RI with age, between gender groups or increasing bladder volume.
We used three ultrasound applications to obtain bladder wall reference data in healthy individuals and investigated the relationships between BWT, BWLT, SWV, RI and gender, age at three bladder volumes, for further studies into identifying and diagnosing different urinary bladder disorders. With further research, ultrasound could be used as a diagnostic test to differentiate bladder pathology in clinical practice.
本研究旨在应用并评估三种超声方法，利用高分辨率设备测量健康人群的膀胱壁，为未来下尿路疾病的研究建立参考点和基线，特别是了解下尿路疾病如何影响膀胱壁，并寻找客观、非侵入性的诊断测试方法。
该研究对116名年龄在19至79岁的健康志愿者进行，每个十年年龄组约有10名参与者。
使用GE LOGIQ E9 XDclear 2.0超声诊断仪（美国威斯康星州沃瓦托萨市通用电气医疗集团）记录并测量了以下膀胱参数：膀胱壁总厚度（BWT）以及三层膀胱壁厚度（BWLT）——浆膜层、逼尿肌层和黏膜层；使用二维剪切波弹性成像（2D-SWE）测量剪切波速度（SWV），单位为米/秒；使用双功多普勒超声测量膀胱壁血液循环（阻力指数，RI）。上述所有测量均在三个不同的尿液充盈量下进行：V0（20 - 50毫升）、V2（180 - 200毫升）和V4（380 - 400毫升），每个测量参数重复测量十次。正如预期的那样，BWT和BWLT与膀胱容量增加呈负相关。虽然男性和女性的健康膀胱以及不同年龄之间没有大的差异，但仍发现了一些小的、但具有统计学意义的差异。男性在V0时的BWT更大，V0时的逼尿肌厚度也是如此，但在其他容量或其他层没有差异。在V0时，男性的BWT和逼尿肌层有轻微但具有统计学意义的增厚，且SWV随年龄增加。SWE显示，在所有性别和年龄组中，膀胱容量为400毫升时测量的SWV增加。膀胱壁血管RI在年龄、性别组之间或膀胱容量增加时均无变化。
我们使用三种超声应用方法获取了健康个体的膀胱壁参考数据，并研究了BWT、BWLT、SWV、RI与性别、三个膀胱容量下的年龄之间的关系，以便进一步研究识别和诊断不同的膀胱疾病。随着进一步研究，超声可作为一种诊断测试方法，在临床实践中鉴别膀胱病变。
