基于性别的与运动相关的脑震荡发生率的差异：系统综述和荟萃分析。
Sex-Based Differences in the Incidence of Sports-Related Concussion: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
机构信息
Department of Physiatry, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.
Department of Primary Care Sports Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.
出版信息
Sports Health. 2019 Nov/Dec;11(6):486-491. doi: 10.1177/1941738119877186. Epub 2019 Sep 30.
CONTEXT
The incidence of sports-related concussion in females has been increasing in recent years.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a meta-analysis on sex-based differences in concussion incidence in various sports and to determine the effects of study design (retrospective vs prospective), setting (competition vs practice), and population (university and above vs high school and below) via a meta-regression.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2000 to January 2018.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies reporting sports-related concussion incidence data for both males and females (age ≥10 years) were included.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 4.
METHODS
The rate ratio was calculated as the concussion rate in females/males. Data were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Soccer and basketball demonstrated significantly higher incidence of concussions in females compared with males (rate ratio [95% CI], 1.76 [1.43-2.16] and 1.99 [1.56-2.54], respectively; < 0.01). Sex-based differences in concussion incidence rates for baseball/softball, ice hockey, lacrosse, swimming/diving, and track and field were not statistically significant. In the meta-regression analysis, there were no significant effects on the rate ratio when evaluating study design, setting, and population.
CONCLUSION
Concussion incidence rates were significantly higher in females than in males for soccer and basketball.
背景
近年来，女性运动相关性脑震荡的发病率一直在上升。
目的
通过荟萃回归分析，对不同运动中基于性别的脑震荡发病率差异进行荟萃分析，并确定研究设计（回顾性与前瞻性）、环境（比赛与训练）和人群（大学及以上与高中及以下）的影响。
数据来源
从 2000 年 1 月至 2018 年 1 月，检索了 PubMed（Medline）、EMBASE 和 Cochrane Library 数据库。
研究选择
纳入了报告男性和女性（年龄≥10 岁）运动相关性脑震荡发病率数据的研究。
研究设计
系统评价和荟萃分析及荟萃回归。
证据水平
4 级。
方法
率比计算为女性/男性的脑震荡发生率。使用 DerSimonian-Laird 随机效应模型对数据进行汇总。
结果
38 项研究符合入选标准并纳入荟萃分析。足球和篮球中女性脑震荡的发生率明显高于男性（率比[95%CI]，分别为 1.76[1.43-2.16]和 1.99[1.56-2.54]；<0.01）。棒球/垒球、冰球、长曲棍球、游泳/跳水和田径运动中脑震荡发生率的性别差异无统计学意义。在荟萃回归分析中，当评估研究设计、环境和人群时，对率比没有显著影响。
结论
与男性相比，女性足球和篮球的脑震荡发病率显著更高。
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