Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA.
Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; email:
Annu Rev Virol. 2019 Sep 29;6(1):525-546. doi: 10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015544.
Genetic alleles that contribute to enhanced susceptibility or resistance to viral infections and virally induced diseases have often been first identified in mice before humans due to the significant advantages of the murine system for genetic studies. Herein we review multiple discoveries that have revealed significant insights into virus-host interactions, all made using genetic mapping tools in mice. Factors that have been identified include innate and adaptive immunity genes that contribute to host defense against pathogenic viruses such as herpes viruses, flaviviruses, retroviruses, and coronaviruses. Understanding the genetic mechanisms that affect infectious disease outcomes will aid the development of personalized treatment and preventive strategies for pathogenic infections.
由于小鼠系统在遗传研究方面具有显著优势，因此能够增强对病毒感染和病毒诱导疾病的易感性或抵抗力的遗传等位基因通常首先在小鼠中被发现，然后才在人类中被发现。在此，我们综述了多项发现，这些发现揭示了病毒-宿主相互作用的重要见解，所有这些发现都是使用小鼠中的遗传图谱工具完成的。已确定的因素包括固有和适应性免疫基因，这些基因有助于宿主防御疱疹病毒、黄病毒、逆转录病毒和冠状病毒等致病病毒。了解影响传染病结果的遗传机制将有助于为致病感染制定个性化的治疗和预防策略。
