Department of Dentistry - Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Section for Translational Health Economics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2020 Feb;48(1):7-13. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12498. Epub 2019 Oct 1.
People following a vegetarian diet could be more prone to oral health problems than people following a nonvegetarian diet. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the possible impacts of following a vegetarian diet on dental hard tissues, focusing on caries development, dental erosion and number of natural teeth.
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched systematically up until 17 April 2019. Original studies comparing dental health (exclusively focusing on dental hard tissues) in vegetarians and nonvegetarians were selected. Study characteristics and outcome data were extracted, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. When a dental health characteristic was reported in three or more papers in a comparable way, a meta-analysis was performed.
Twenty-one papers reporting on 18 studies were included in this review. In meta-analyses, the vegetarian diet was associated with a higher risk for dental erosion (odds ratio: 2.40 [95% confidence interval: 1.24, 4.66]; P = .009) and a lower decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score (mean difference: -0.15 [95% confidence interval: -0.29, -0.02]; P = .023), although the quality of most included studies was poor and the findings for DMFT score became insignificant when only studies on adults were included in the meta-analysis. A meta-analysis for the other dental characteristics was not possible due to the limited number of eligible studies. There was inconsistent evidence for a link between following a vegetarian diet and dental caries or the number of natural teeth.
Within the limitations of the present study, the findings suggest that following a vegetarian diet may be associated with a greater risk of dental erosion.
素食者可能比非素食者更容易出现口腔健康问题。本系统评价的目的是检查素食对牙体硬组织的可能影响，重点是龋齿发展、牙齿酸蚀和天然牙数量。
系统检索了 PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 CINAHL，截至 2019 年 4 月 17 日。选择了比较素食者和非素食者口腔健康（专门关注牙体硬组织）的原始研究。提取研究特征和结果数据，并使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估研究质量。当一个口腔健康特征以可比较的方式在三篇或三篇以上的论文中报告时，进行荟萃分析。
本综述共纳入 21 篇论文，涉及 18 项研究。荟萃分析显示，素食饮食与牙齿酸蚀的风险增加相关（优势比：2.40[95%置信区间：1.24，4.66]；P=0.009），以及较低的龋失补牙数（DMFT）评分（平均差异：-0.15[95%置信区间：-0.29，-0.02]；P=0.023），尽管大多数纳入研究的质量较差，并且当仅纳入成人研究进行荟萃分析时，DMFT 评分的结果变得不显著。由于合格研究的数量有限，无法对其他牙齿特征进行荟萃分析。
在本研究的限制范围内，研究结果表明，素食饮食可能与牙齿酸蚀风险增加有关。
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