Azzola Luana Giò, Fankhauser Nicolas, Srinivasan Murali
Clinic of General, Special Care and Geriatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
Evid Based Dent. 2023 Mar;24(1):43-44. doi: 10.1038/s41432-023-00853-z. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the influence of the nature of diet (vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore) on the oral health status in adults.
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases [PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL], online search engines (Google Scholar), research portals, and hand searches were performed systematically to identify studies. The last literature search was performed February 1st, 2021. Studies were included if they reported on the influence of the nature of diet on the oral health status (oral hygiene, periodontal health, dental status, and salivary function) in adults, by two investigators. Inter-investigator reliability was evaluated using Kappa (κ) statistics. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020211567.
Twenty-two studies were included for data extraction and final analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that the bleeding on probing measure was higher in omnivores (Z = -4.057, p < 0.0001; 95% CI: -0.684, -0.238; I = 0.0%) and the overall periodontal health was significantly better in vegan/vegetarians than omnivores (Z = -2.632, p = 0.008; 95% CI: -0.274, -0.073; I = 29.7%). Vegan/vegetarians demonstrated more dental erosion (Z = 3.325, p = 0.001; 95% CI: 0.170, 0.659; I = 0.0%). In adults over 60 years old, the prevalence of caries was higher in omnivores (Z = 3.244, p = 0.001; 95% CI: 0.092, 0.371; I = 0.0%), while complete edentulism was more prevalent in vegetarians (Z = -4.147, p < 0.0001; 95% CI: -0.550, -0.197; I = 0.0%).
This review reveals that adults on an omnivore diet may be associated with a higher risk for periodontal problems and dental caries, while vegetarians/vegans may be associated with a higher risk for dental erosion.
本系统评价旨在评估饮食性质（纯素食、素食和杂食）对成年人口腔健康状况的影响。
本系统评价和荟萃分析按照PRISMA指南进行。系统检索电子数据库[PubMed、Embase、CENTRAL]、在线搜索引擎（谷歌学术）、研究门户网站，并进行手工检索以识别研究。最后一次文献检索于2021年2月1日进行。纳入的研究需报告饮食性质对成年人口腔健康状况（口腔卫生、牙周健康、牙齿状况和唾液功能）的影响，由两名研究者进行。使用Kappa（κ）统计量评估研究者间的可靠性。PROSPERO注册号：CRD42020211567。
纳入22项研究进行数据提取和最终分析。荟萃分析显示，杂食者的探诊出血指标更高（Z = -4.057，p < 0.0001；95%CI：-0.684，-0.238；I = 0.0%），纯素食者/素食者的整体牙周健康状况明显优于杂食者（Z = -2.632，p = 0.008；95%CI：-0.274，-0.073；I = 第29.7%）。纯素食者/素食者的牙齿侵蚀情况更严重（Z = 3.325，p = 0.001；95%CI：0.170，0.659；I = 0.0%）。在60岁以上的成年人中，杂食者的龋齿患病率更高（Z = < span="">3.244，p = 0.001；95%CI：0.092，0.371；I = 0.0%），而素食者中无牙颌更为普遍（Z = -4.147，p < 0.0001；95%CI：-0.550，-0.197；I = 0.0%）。
本评价表明，杂食饮食的成年人可能患牙周问题和龋齿的风险更高，而素食者/纯素食者可能患牙齿侵蚀的风险更高。
