Maheshwari Meghna, Sanwatsarkar Sadhana, Katakwar Milind
Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Indian J Anaesth. 2019 Sep;63(9):698-706. doi: 10.4103/ija.IJA_487_19.
A child is not a mini adult. They differ from adults in terms of weight, shape, anatomical size and major body systems such as cardiovascular and respiratory as well as psychologically. Each organ system is immature in paediatric age group and their growth and development can dramatically affect the pharmacokinetics of different drugs. Children differ in every way from an adult thus mandating to have a basic knowledge of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles in paediatric population to prevent under dosing or toxicity of drugs. This review article aims to simplify the basic principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in paediatric population. It also highlights physiological and pharmacological differences between adults and paediatric age. We performed a PUBMED search for English language articles using keywords including pharmacology, child, paediatric anaesthesia. We also hand searched references from relevant review articles and text book chapters. We have also discussed drug interaction in anaesthesia, pharmacology pertaining to neuromuscular junction and effects of anaesthesia over the developing brain.
儿童并非缩小版的成人。他们在体重、体型、解剖学尺寸以及心血管和呼吸系统等主要身体系统方面与成人不同，在心理方面也存在差异。儿科年龄组的每个器官系统都不成熟，其生长和发育会显著影响不同药物的药代动力学。儿童在各个方面都与成人不同，因此必须具备儿科人群药代动力学和药效学原理的基本知识，以防止药物剂量不足或中毒。这篇综述文章旨在简化儿科人群药代动力学和药效学的基本原理。它还强调了成人与儿科年龄之间的生理和药理学差异。我们使用包括药理学、儿童、儿科麻醉等关键词在PUBMED上搜索了英文文章。我们还手动搜索了相关综述文章和教科书章节中的参考文献。我们还讨论了麻醉中的药物相互作用、与神经肌肉接头相关的药理学以及麻醉对发育中大脑的影响。
