Hayes William K, Fox Gerad A, Nelsen David R
Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
Department of Biology, Southern Adventist University, Collegedale, TN, 37315, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2068:53-71. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9845-6_3.
Venom collection (often called "milking") provides the toxic secretions essential for studying animal venoms and/or generating venom products. Methods of venom collection vary widely, falling into three broad categories: voluntary venom extraction (inducing the animal to willingly release its venom), involuntary venom extraction (glandular massage, electrical stimulation, or administration of induction chemicals to promote venom expulsion), and venom gland extraction (surgical aspiration or trituration of homogenized gland tissue). Choice of method requires consideration of animal species, animal welfare, human safety (avoiding envenomation), venom yield and composition desired, and level of toxin purity required. Here, we summarize the materials and methods used to obtain venom by each of these approaches from spiders and snakes.
毒液采集（通常称为“挤毒”）提供了研究动物毒液和/或生产毒液产品所必需的有毒分泌物。毒液采集方法多种多样，大致可分为三大类：自愿毒液提取（诱导动物自愿释放毒液）、非自愿毒液提取（腺体按摩、电刺激或施用诱导化学物质以促进毒液排出）以及毒腺提取（手术抽吸或研磨匀浆化的腺体组织）。方法的选择需要考虑动物种类、动物福利、人类安全（避免中毒）、所需毒液产量和成分以及所需毒素纯度水平。在此，我们总结了通过这些方法从蜘蛛和蛇类中获取毒液所使用的材料和方法。
