Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Curr Drug Targets. 2020;21(4):320-327. doi: 10.2174/1389450120666191002151637.
Spinal tuberculosis is a common manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and osteoarticular tuberculosis. Common clinical manifestations include constitutional symptoms, back pain, spinal tenderness, paraplegia, and spinal deformities. They are the common causes of paralysis and could increase the mortality in patients. Most cases of spinal tuberculosis remaining undiagnosed, and early clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations lack specificity, which explained the reason why it is difficult to identify from atypical spinal metastases, brucellosis and other diseases. The rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis for spinal tuberculosis is high. If spinal tuberculosis diagnostic targets could be early detected, the therapeutic targets can be effectively treated, which can not only control the progress of the disease and shorten the course of treatment, but also reduce the economic pressure and avoid spinal deformity. Therefore, early diagnosis should be our focus. Comprehensive use of a variety of diagnostic targets can improve the early diagnosis rate of spinal tuberculosis. Here, we review the progress of laboratory, imaging and gene detection in the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis in recent years.
脊柱结核是肺外结核和骨关节结核的常见表现形式。常见的临床表现包括全身症状、背痛、脊柱压痛、截瘫和脊柱畸形。它们是导致瘫痪的常见原因，并会增加患者的死亡率。大多数脊柱结核病例未被诊断，早期的临床症状和影像学表现缺乏特异性，这也是难以将其与非典型性脊柱转移、布鲁氏菌病等疾病区分开来的原因。脊柱结核的漏诊和误诊率很高。如果能够早期发现脊柱结核的诊断靶点，就可以有效地对其进行治疗，不仅可以控制疾病的进展，缩短治疗过程，还可以减轻经济压力，避免脊柱畸形。因此，早期诊断应该是我们关注的重点。综合运用多种诊断靶点可以提高脊柱结核的早期诊断率。在这里，我们回顾了近年来实验室、影像学和基因检测在诊断脊柱结核方面的进展。
