CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina.
CIC (Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM), La Plata, Argentina.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Jan 30;247:112263. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112263. Epub 2019 Sep 30.
Cocoa extracts rich in polyphenols are used as potential agent for treating diabetes. Cocoa polyphenols have been proved to ameliorate important hallmarks of type-2 diabetes (T2D). They can regulate glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion, promoting β-cell proliferation and a reduction of insulin resistance. In addition, epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of flavonoid decreases the incidence of T2D.
T2D is preceded by a prediabetic state in which the endocrine-metabolic changes described in T2D are already present. Since epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of flavonoid decreases its incidence, we evaluated possible preventive effects of polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract on a model of prediabetes induced by sucrose.
We determined circulating parameters and insulin sensitivity indexes, liver protein carbonyl groups and reduced glutathione, liver mRNA expression levels of lipogenic enzymes, expression of different pro-inflammatory mediators, fructokinase activity and liver glycogen content. For that, radioimmunoassay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, spectrophotometry, and immunohistochemistry were used.
We demonstrated that sucrose administration triggered hypertriglyceridemia, insulin-resistance, and liver increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers compared to control rats. Additionally, we found an increase in glycogen deposit, fructokinase activity, and lipogenic genes expression (SREBP-1c, FAS and GPAT) together with a decrease in P-Akt and P-eNOS protein content (P < 0.05). Sucrose-induced insulin resistance, hepatic carbohydrate and lipid dysmetabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation were effectively disrupted by polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract (PECE) co-administration (P < 0.05).
Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective and complementary tool for preventing or reverting T2D at an early stage of its development (prediabetes).
富含多酚的可可提取物被用作治疗糖尿病的潜在药物。可可多酚已被证明可改善 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的重要特征。它们可以通过增加胰岛素分泌、促进β细胞增殖和减少胰岛素抵抗来调节血糖水平。此外，流行病学证据表明，类黄酮的消耗可降低 T2D 的发病率。
T2D 之前存在糖尿病前期状态，其中 T2D 中描述的内分泌代谢变化已经存在。由于流行病学证据表明类黄酮的消耗可降低其发病率，因此我们评估了富含多酚的可可提取物对蔗糖诱导的糖尿病前期模型的可能预防作用。
我们测定了循环参数和胰岛素敏感性指标、肝蛋白羰基和还原型谷胱甘肽、肝脂肪生成酶的 mRNA 表达水平、不同促炎介质的表达、果糖激酶活性和肝糖原含量。为此，我们使用了放射免疫测定法、实时聚合酶链反应、Western blot、分光光度法和免疫组织化学法。
我们证明，与对照组大鼠相比，蔗糖给药会引发高甘油三酯血症、胰岛素抵抗以及肝脏氧化应激和炎症标志物增加。此外，我们还发现糖原沉积、果糖激酶活性和脂肪生成基因表达（SREBP-1c、FAS 和 GPAT）增加，而 P-Akt 和 P-eNOS 蛋白含量减少（P<0.05）。多酚丰富的可可提取物（PECE）共同给药有效阻断了蔗糖诱导的胰岛素抵抗、肝碳水化合物和脂质代谢紊乱、氧化应激和炎症（P<0.05）。
饮食中摄入可可黄烷醇可能是预防或逆转 T2D 早期（糖尿病前期）的有效且互补的工具。
