Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, Padiglione Morselli, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, Padiglione Morselli, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
J Hazard Mater. 2020 Feb 15;384:121245. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121245. Epub 2019 Sep 21.
Trillions of cigarettes are smoked annually making cigarette butts one of the most common types of litter in the world. Due to the materials and toxic substances that they contain, this waste carries a very harmful risk for the environment and for living organisms (including humans). Only a few - barely sustainable - solutions have tried to tackle this waste and alternative solutions to landfilling and incineration are needed. Identifying the best methodological solutions and technologies for recycling this kind of waste in terms of results and applicability to real contexts would reduce the presence of dangerous materials in the environment and ecosystems and would promote the recovery of materials in line with the circular economy and sustainable development. The objective of this review was to collect and analyze the alternative solutions available in the literature for the recovery and recycling of the materials in cigarette butts, considering them as possible sources of secondary raw materials applicable to contexts of common interest. Several papers were selected and the results obtained by the authors are presented in terms of type of treatment process (physical, chemical or both), product derived (in solid, liquid or gaseous form) and its possible use in different sectors (e.g. construction, electronics, energy, chemistry and environmental protection). The main results, together with the advantages and disadvantages are highlighted and proposals for further research are outlined.
每年全球要消耗数以万亿计的香烟，这使得烟蒂成为世界上最常见的垃圾类型之一。由于烟蒂中含有材料和有毒物质，因此对环境和生物（包括人类）都存在非常严重的危害风险。目前只有少数（几乎不可持续）的解决方案试图解决这种垃圾问题，因此需要寻找替代垃圾填埋和焚烧的方法。确定回收这种垃圾的最佳方法和技术，从结果和对实际情况的适用性方面来看，这将减少环境和生态系统中危险材料的存在，并根据循环经济和可持续发展促进材料的回收。本综述的目的是收集和分析文献中可用于回收烟蒂中材料的替代解决方案，将其视为适用于共同利益领域的二次原材料的可能来源。选择了几篇论文，并根据处理过程的类型（物理、化学或两者兼有）、衍生产品（固体、液体或气体形式）及其在不同领域的可能用途（例如建筑、电子、能源、化学和环境保护）展示了作者获得的结果。突出了主要结果及其优缺点，并提出了进一步研究的建议。
