USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA.
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.
J Anim Sci. 2019 Nov 4;97(11):4540-4547. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz294.
An industry survey and animal experiment were conducted to evaluate the amino acid (AA) compositional variability and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in animal protein by-products fed to growing pigs. Animal protein by-product meals (212) were categorized into 8 groupings (blood meal, chicken by-product meal, chicken meal, feather meal, meat and bone meal, meat meal, poultry by-product meal, and poultry meal) and analyzed for total AA. Amino acid analysis among (e.g., Lys in blood meal averaged 9.20% compared with 2.31% for feather meal, DM basis) and within (e.g., Lys range of 1.54% in blood meal and 1.44% in feather meal, DM basis) the by-product classifications varied as expected, but on average the total AA values were similar to that reported in the literature. For the determination of the SID of AA, 15 barrows (average initial and final BW of 31.6 and 78.7 kg, respectively) were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and allotted to 15 diets over nine 7-d periods, resulting in 9 replications per diet. Pigs were fed a basal diet based on soybean meal and dehulled-degermed corn, 13 diets containing 17.5% animal protein by-product meal to partially replace a portion of the soybean meal and dehulled-degermed corn in the basal diet, or a N-free diet. Pigs were re-allotted to diets based on minimizing the number to times that the N-free diet would precede or follow feeding either of the blood or feather meal diets because of concern with inadequate diet consumption, as well as to prevent diets from being re-fed to the same pig during the next or subsequent periods. Values for the apparent ileal AA digestibility of each diet were determined, adjusted to SID based upon the endogenous AA losses determined by feeding the N-free diet, and the SID of AA in each animal protein by-product meal calculated using the difference procedure. The SID of AA varied among (e.g., SID of Lys averaged 91% in chicken meal but 47% in feather meal) and within (e.g., SID of Lys in three meat and bone meals was 80%, 71%, and 54%) the animal protein by-product meals, as would be expected and are consistent with variation reported in the literature. Overall, the data provide total AA composition for 212 samples and SID of AA for 13 samples of animal protein by-product meals, including data on their variability, which is critical for their use in feed formulation programs.
行业调查和动物实验评估了动物蛋白副产品在生长猪中的氨基酸（AA）组成变化和标准回肠可消化性（SID）。动物蛋白副产品饲料（212）分为 8 组（血粉、鸡肉副产品粉、鸡肉粉、羽毛粉、肉骨粉、肉粉、禽副产品粉和禽粉）并进行总 AA 分析。AA 分析中（例如，血粉中的 Lys 平均为 9.20%，而羽毛粉中的 Lys 平均为 2.31%，均为 DM 基础）和分类内（例如，血粉中的 Lys 范围为 1.54%，羽毛粉中的 Lys 范围为 1.44%，均为 DM 基础）变化与预期一致，但平均总 AA 值与文献报道相似。为了确定 AA 的 SID，15 头阉公猪（平均初始和终末 BW 分别为 31.6 和 78.7kg）在回肠远端安装 T 型套管，并在 9 个 7 天周期内分配到 15 种日粮中，每种日粮有 9 个重复。猪用基于豆粕和脱皮脱胚玉米的基础日粮喂养，13 种日粮含有 17.5%动物蛋白副产品粉，部分替代基础日粮中的豆粕和脱皮脱胚玉米，或无氮日粮。由于担心饲料摄入量不足，以及为了防止在下一个或随后的周期中将日粮重新喂给同一头猪，猪根据使无氮日粮出现的次数最少来重新分配到基于基础日粮的日粮中，这些基础日粮是血粉或羽毛粉日粮之前或之后的日粮。确定每种日粮的 AA 表观回肠消化率值，根据无氮日粮测定的内源性 AA 损失调整为 SID，然后使用差值法计算每种动物蛋白副产品中的 AA SID。AA 的 SID 在（例如，鸡肉粉中的 Lys SID 平均为 91%，而羽毛粉中的 Lys SID 平均为 47%）和（例如，三种肉骨粉中的 Lys SID 为 80%、71%和 54%）动物蛋白副产品之间存在差异，这与预期一致，也与文献报道的差异一致。总的来说，这些数据提供了 212 个样品的总 AA 组成和 13 个动物蛋白副产品的 AA SID，包括其变异性数据，这对于它们在饲料配方计划中的使用至关重要。
