Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2022 Nov 1;100(11). doi: 10.1093/jas/skac279.
The ability of a diet or an ingredient to satisfy the indispensable amino acid (IAA) requirements of an individual is a reflection of protein quality (PQ). The concept of PQ is gaining recognition in the pet food industry as a way to identify candidate ingredients for diet formulation. The objective of this report was to use IAA digestibility data from swine and cecectomized rooster assays to generate digestible IAA scores (defined herein as DIAAS-like values) to predict the PQ of ingredients used in dog diets. However, as PQ equation development relies on a reference IAA profile, which is intended to be based on the physiological requirements of a specific population, we sought to generate DIAAS-like values using IAA requirements established by the National Research Council (NRC) as well as practical IAA recommendations presented by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF), to assess how these profiles may affect PQ. In total, 30 animal (75 unique inputs) and 27 plant ingredients (94 unique inputs) satisfied all inclusion criteria to be used in the final data set. Ingredients were initially categorized as animal or plant, and further categorized based on AAFCO Official Common and Usual Names and Definitions of Feed Ingredients to allow for additional, more distinct comparisons to be made. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS, with ingredient reference as a random effect, and ingredient category, regulatory body, and life stage as fixed effects. As expected, differences were observed in DIAAS-like values for nearly all ingredients and ingredient categories when determined using NRC, AAFCO, or FEDIAF IAA requirements or recommendations as the reference pattern. Moreover, applying reference patterns based on NRC adult maintenance IAA requirements consistently produced the lowest DIAAS-like values. Ultimately, while future studies assessing PQ should utilize NRC minimal requirements, individual ingredient and ingredient category differences in DIAAS-like values when using AAFCO and FEDIAF recommendations underpin the different regulatory approaches to establishing dietary nutrient recommendations that exist globally and support the need for harmonization of dietary recommendations.
饮食或成分满足个体必需氨基酸（IAA）需求的能力反映了蛋白质质量（PQ）。PQ 的概念在宠物食品行业中得到认可，是一种识别宠物食品配方候选成分的方法。本报告的目的是使用来自猪和去盲肠公鸡测定的 IAA 消化率数据生成可消化 IAA 评分（本文定义为类似 DIAAS 值），以预测用于狗饲料的成分的 PQ。然而，由于 PQ 方程的开发依赖于参考 IAA 谱，该谱旨在基于特定人群的生理需求，我们试图使用国家研究委员会（NRC）确定的 IAA 需求以及美国饲料控制官员协会（AAFCO）和欧洲宠物食品工业联合会（FEDIAF）提出的实用 IAA 建议生成类似 DIAAS 值，以评估这些谱如何影响 PQ。总共 30 种动物（75 个独特输入）和 27 种植物成分（94 个独特输入）满足所有纳入标准，可用于最终数据集。成分最初分为动物或植物，根据 AAFCO 官方常用名称和饲料成分定义进一步分类，以便进行更多、更明显的比较。使用 SAS 中的 PROC GLIMMIX 分析数据，以成分参考作为随机效应，成分类别、监管机构和生命阶段作为固定效应。如预期的那样，当使用 NRC、AAFCO 或 FEDIAF IAA 需求或建议作为参考模式时，几乎所有成分和成分类别都观察到类似 DIAAS 值的差异。此外，基于 NRC 成年维持 IAA 需求的参考模式始终产生最低的类似 DIAAS 值。最终，虽然未来评估 PQ 的研究应使用 NRC 最小需求，但当使用 AAFCO 和 FEDIAF 建议时，类似 DIAAS 值的个体成分和成分类别差异支持了全球存在的不同的制定膳食营养素建议的监管方法，并支持对膳食建议进行协调的需求。
