Ulster Institute for Social Research, London, UK.
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Relig Health. 2020 Jun;59(3):1567-1579. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00926-3.
Numerous studies have found a negative relationship between religiousness and IQ. It is in the region of - 0.2, according to meta-analyses. The reasons for this relationship are, however, unknown. It has been suggested that higher intelligence leads to greater attraction to science, or that it helps to override evolved cognitive dispositions such as for religiousness. Either way, such explanations assume that the religion-IQ nexus is on general intelligence (g), rather than some subset of specialized cognitive abilities. In other words, they assume it is a Jensen effect. Two large datasets comparing groups with different levels of religiousness show that their IQ differences are not on g and must, therefore, be attributed to specialized abilities. An analysis of the specialized abilities on which the religious and non-religious groups differ reveals no clear pattern. We cautiously suggest that this may be explicable in terms of autism spectrum disorder traits among people with high IQ scores, because such traits are negatively associated with religiousness.
许多研究发现宗教信仰与智商之间存在负相关关系。根据荟萃分析，其相关系数约为-0.2。然而，这种关系的原因尚不清楚。有人认为，更高的智商导致对科学的更大吸引力，或者有助于克服进化的认知倾向，如宗教信仰。无论哪种方式，这些解释都假设宗教与智商的关联是基于一般智力（g），而不是某些特定认知能力的子集。换句话说，它们假设这是詹森效应。两个比较不同宗教信仰群体的大型数据集表明，他们的智商差异不在 g 上，因此必须归因于特定的能力。对宗教和非宗教群体差异的特定能力的分析没有揭示出明显的模式。我们谨慎地认为，这可以根据高智商人群中自闭症谱系障碍特征来解释，因为这些特征与宗教信仰呈负相关。
