Asbiro University, Lodz, Poland.
Ulster Institute for Social Research, London, UK.
J Relig Health. 2022 Aug;61(4):3253-3275. doi: 10.1007/s10943-021-01351-1. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
A recent study by Dutton et al. (J Relig Health 59:1567-1579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00926-3 , 2020) found that the religiousness-IQ nexus is not on g when comparing different groups with various degrees of religiosity and the non-religious. It suggested, accordingly, that the nexus related to the relationship between specialized analytic abilities on the IQ test and autism traits, with the latter predicting atheism. The study was limited by the fact that it was on group-level data, it used only one measure of religiosity that measure may have been confounded by the social element to church membership and it involved relatively few items via which a Jensen effect could be calculated. Here, we test whether the religiousness-IQ nexus is on g with individual-level data using archival data from the Vietnam Experience Study, in which 4462 US veterans were subjected to detailed psychological tests. We used multiple measures of religiosity-which we factor-analysed to a religion-factor-and a large number of items. We found, contrary to the findings of Dutton et al. (2020), that the IQ differences with regard to whether or not subjects believed in God are indeed a Jensen effect. We also uncovered a number of anomalies, which we explore.
达顿等人（J Relig Health 59:1567-1579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00926-3, 2020）最近的一项研究发现，在比较不同宗教程度和非宗教群体时，宗教信仰与智商的关联并不存在。因此，该关联与智商测试中特定分析能力与自闭症特征之间的关系有关，而后者则预示着无神论。该研究存在局限性，因为它是基于群体水平的数据，只使用了一种衡量宗教信仰的方法，这种方法可能因教会成员的社会因素而受到干扰，而且只涉及相对较少的可以通过詹森效应计算的项目。在这里，我们使用越南经验研究的档案数据，在个体水平上测试宗教信仰与智商的关联，该研究对 4462 名美国退伍军人进行了详细的心理测试。我们使用了多种衡量宗教信仰的方法——我们将其进行因子分析得到宗教因子——以及大量项目。我们发现，与达顿等人（2020）的研究结果相反，对于是否相信上帝的受试者，智商差异确实是詹森效应的结果。我们还发现了一些异常现象，我们对此进行了探讨。
