Brock University, Canada.
University of Calgary, Canada.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2021 Aug;40:51-55. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.08.023. Epub 2020 Sep 10.
We review research on personality/religiousness associations, integrating earlier meta-analyses with recent large-sample online studies. We find that general religiousness shows small positive associations with broad personality factors (e.g. HEXACO Honesty-Humility, Big Five Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and somewhat stronger positive associations with narrower personality traits involving prosocial tendencies (e.g. altruism, fairness, forgivingness). The link between religiousness and prosociality appears not to be an artifact of self-report method variance. Religious fundamentalism and spirituality show negative and positive associations, respectively, with the Openness factor of personality. Religiousness/personality associations tend to be weak in relatively non-religious countries but moderately strong in highly religious countries. The direction of causal influence between personality and religiousness is not yet clear. Religiousness shows modest negative associations with IQ and appears to be somewhat negatively related to scientific thinking.
我们回顾了人格/宗教信仰关系的研究，将早期的元分析与最近的大型在线研究相结合。我们发现，一般的宗教信仰与广泛的人格因素（如 HEXACO 诚实-谦逊、大五人格中的宜人性、尽责性）呈微弱的正相关，而与涉及亲社会倾向的更狭窄的人格特质（如利他主义、公平、宽容）呈较强的正相关。宗教信仰与亲社会性之间的联系似乎不是自我报告方法差异的人为产物。宗教原教旨主义与灵性分别与人格的开放性因素呈负相关和正相关。宗教信仰/人格的相关性在相对非宗教的国家较弱，但在高度宗教的国家较强。人格和宗教信仰之间因果关系的方向尚不清楚。宗教信仰与智商呈适度负相关，与科学思维似乎也有一定的负相关。
