Prevention and Treatment of Laryngospasm in the Pediatric Patient: A Literature Review.

Laryngospasm is an exaggeration of a protective reflex that prevents aspiration of foreign objects into the lower airway (eg, during swallowing). This results in complete or partial closure of the glottis, and impedance or total obstruction of airflow to the trachea and lungs. Often, the resulting hypoxia will by itself break a laryngospasm; however, if the spasm continues without relief, it can lead to pulmonary edema, cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and ultimately death. This evidence-based literature review explores the pathophysiology of laryngospasm and covers mechanical and pharmacologic prevention and treatment modalities in pediatric patients.