Department of Communication Science and Disorders, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;, Email:
Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2020 Mar 1;59(2):176-185. doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-19-000076. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
New Zealand white rabbits () are an established in vivo model for the study of structural and functional consequences of vocal-fold vibration. Research design requires invasive laryngotracheal procedures, and the presence of laryngospasms or pain responses (or both) hinder phonation-related data collection. Published anesthesia regimens report respiratory depression and muscle tone changes and have been unsuccessful in mitigating autonomic laryngeal responses in our protocol. Infusion of ketamine hydrochloride and dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in pediatric medicine provides effective analgesia and sedation for laryngotracheal procedures including intubation and bronchoscopy; however, data evaluating the use of ketamine-dexmedetomidine infusion in rabbits are unavailable. This study reports a new infusion regimen, which was used in 58 male New Zealand white rabbits that underwent a nonsurvival laryngotracheal procedure to induce phonotraumatic vocal-fold injury. Animals were sedated by using ketamine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg IM) and dexmedetomidine (0.125 mg/kg IM). Maintenance anesthesia was provided by using continuous rate intravenous infusion of ketamine hydrochloride (343 μg/kg/min) and dexmedetomidine (1.60 μg/kg/min). A stable plane of anesthesia with no autonomic laryngeal response (laryngospasm) was achieved in 32 of the 58 rabbits (55%). Laryngospasms occurred in 25 of 58 animals (43%) and were controlled in 20 cases (80%) by providing 0.33 mL 2% topical lidocaine, incremental increase in infusion rate, or both. Continuous rate infusion of ketamine hydrochloride-dexmedetomidine with prophylactic topical lidocaine provides a predictable and adjustable surgical plane of anesthesia, with minimal confounding respiratory and autonomic laryngeal responses, during extended-duration laryngotracheal surgery in rabbits. This regimen should be considered as an alternative to injection maintenance for prolonged, invasive procedures.
新西兰白兔（）是研究声带振动的结构和功能后果的成熟的体内模型。研究设计需要进行有创的喉气管程序，而喉痉挛或疼痛反应（或两者兼有）会阻碍与发声相关的数据收集。已发表的麻醉方案报告呼吸抑制和肌肉张力变化，并且在我们的方案中未能减轻自主喉部反应。盐酸氯胺酮和盐酸右美托咪定在儿科医学中的输注为包括插管和支气管镜检查在内的喉气管程序提供了有效的镇痛和镇静作用；然而，尚无评估氯胺酮-右美托咪定输注在兔中的使用的数据。本研究报告了一种新的输注方案，该方案用于 58 只接受非生存性喉气管程序以诱导发声性声带损伤的雄性新西兰白兔。通过肌内注射盐酸氯胺酮（20mg/kg）和盐酸右美托咪定（0.125mg/kg）对动物进行镇静。通过持续静脉输注盐酸氯胺酮（343μg/kg/min）和盐酸右美托咪定（1.60μg/kg/min）提供维持麻醉。在 58 只兔子中，有 32 只（55%）实现了没有自主喉部反应（喉痉挛）的稳定麻醉平面。在 58 只动物中，有 25 只（43%）发生了喉痉挛，其中 20 例（80%）通过给予 0.33ml2%局部利多卡因、增加输注率或两者兼用来控制。预防性局部利多卡因的氯胺酮-右美托咪定持续输注提供了可预测和可调节的手术麻醉平面，在兔的长时间喉气管手术中，呼吸和自主喉部反应最小。这种方案应被视为替代注射维持的选择，用于长时间的有创程序。
