Center for Advanced Hindsight, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Bakersfield, CA 93311, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Oct 4;16(19):3739. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193739.
Physiological discomfort is commonly cited as a barrier for initiating and persisting with exercise. Although individuals may think of physiological discomfort as determined by physical sensations, it can also be influenced by cognitive and emotional factors. We explored the impacts of interpreting the purpose of pain as a sign of muscle building (helpful) vs. a sign of muscle tearing and possible injury (harmful) and tested the effect of cognitive reappraisals, or shifting interpretations of pain, on exercise persistence and the subjective experience of discomfort during exercise. Seventy-eight participants were randomized to listen to voice recordings that framed exercise-related pain as helpful vs. harmful before participating in a standard muscular endurance test using the YMCA protocol. Although the two experimental groups did not differ in the overall number of resistance training repetitions achieved, participants who were asked to think about the benefits (rather than the negative consequences) of pain reported less negative pain valence during exercise. Thus, the experience of pain was influenced by appraisals of the meaning of pain, but differences in pain valence did not impact exercise persistence. Theoretical implications and applications for affect-based exercise interventions are discussed.
生理不适通常被认为是开始和坚持运动的障碍。尽管人们可能认为生理不适是由身体感觉决定的，但它也会受到认知和情绪因素的影响。我们探讨了将疼痛的目的解释为肌肉生长的信号（有益）与肌肉撕裂和可能受伤的信号（有害）的影响，并测试了认知重评，即改变对疼痛的解释，对运动坚持和运动中不适的主观体验的影响。78 名参与者被随机分配到在使用 YMCA 协议进行标准肌肉耐力测试之前，收听将与运动相关的疼痛解释为有益或有害的语音录音。尽管两个实验组在完成的阻力训练重复次数方面没有差异，但被要求思考疼痛的好处（而不是负面后果）的参与者在运动过程中报告的疼痛负价较低。因此，疼痛的体验受到对疼痛意义的评估的影响，但疼痛负价的差异并没有影响运动坚持。讨论了基于情感的运动干预的理论意义和应用。
