饮食对肠道微生物群的调节及其在健康和疾病中的作用。

Diet as Regulator of Gut Microbiota and its Role in Health and Disease.

机构信息

Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México.

出版信息

Arch Med Res. 2019 Jul;50(5):259-268. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.09.004. Epub 2019 Oct 5.

DOI:10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.09.004

PMID:31593850

Abstract

In recent years, the gut microbiota has been of great interest due to its role in maintaining health and its association with the development of different diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The objective of the present review is to show the main functions of the gut microbiota, the role in the degradation of complex carbohydrates particularly soluble fiber, resistant starches and bioactive compounds particularly polyphenols. In addition, the review will focus on the nutrient-gut microbiota interaction and its role on the development of dysbiosis (imbalance) and low-grade inflammation during the obesity and type 2 diabetes. Finally, several strategies using prebiotics will be discussed to reduce the gut microbiota dysbiosis, and to improve some biochemical abnormalities during obesity and type 2 diabetes.

摘要

近年来，肠道微生物群因其在维持健康方面的作用及其与肥胖和糖尿病等不同疾病的发展的关联而受到极大关注。本综述的目的在于展示肠道微生物群的主要功能，特别是在降解复杂碳水化合物（特别是可溶性纤维、抗性淀粉和生物活性化合物（特别是多酚）方面的作用。此外，该综述还将重点讨论营养-肠道微生物群相互作用及其在肥胖和 2 型糖尿病期间发生的肠道菌群失调（失衡）和低度炎症发展中的作用。最后，将讨论使用益生元的几种策略，以减少肠道微生物群的失调，并改善肥胖和 2 型糖尿病期间的一些生化异常。