Wardell Jeffrey D, Dermody Sarah S, Lindgren Kristen P, Medina Asad M, Hendershot Christian S
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Oregon State University and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Motiv Emot. 2018 Oct;42(5):682-690. doi: 10.1007/s11031-018-9701-7. Epub 2018 May 17.
Implicit memory associations may play a role in motivation to use alcohol and cigarettes, but the relationship between implicit associations and co-use of alcohol and cigarettes is currently unknown. This study provided an initial examination of alcohol and smoking implicit associations among young adult drinkers who were either nonsmokers or relatively light smokers (i.e., 10 or fewer cigarettes per day) as a function of smoking frequency and daily-level alcohol-cigarette co-use. Drinkers ( = 129) completed alcohol-arousal and smoking-valence variants of the Implicit Association Test as well as a daily-level assessment of past 90-day alcohol and cigarette use. Smokers were grouped according to whether they reported daily or nondaily smoking frequency. Results showed that although implicit alcohol-arousal associations did not differ between smokers and nonsmokers, stronger implicit alcohol-arousal associations were observed for nondaily smokers relative to daily smokers after controlling for drinking frequency. Further, implicit positive-smoking associations were stronger for smokers relative to nonsmokers. Within the subgroup of nondaily smokers, more frequent co-use of alcohol and cigarettes was associated with stronger implicit positive-smoking associations when controlling for total drinking and smoking frequency. The findings suggest that implicit alcohol and smoking associations may be linked with smoking patterns (daily vs. nondaily) and co-use of alcohol and cigarettes among young adult drinkers who are not heavy smokers, highlighting the need for more research on the role of implicit associations in the co-use of cigarettes and alcohol.
内隐记忆关联可能在饮酒和吸烟动机中起作用，但内隐关联与烟酒共同使用之间的关系目前尚不清楚。本研究初步考察了非吸烟者或吸烟量相对较少（即每天10支或更少香烟）的年轻成年饮酒者中酒精和吸烟的内隐关联，该关联是吸烟频率和每日烟酒共同使用情况的函数。饮酒者（n = 129）完成了内隐联想测验的酒精唤醒和吸烟效价变体，以及过去90天酒精和香烟使用情况的每日水平评估。吸烟者根据报告的每日或非每日吸烟频率进行分组。结果表明，尽管吸烟者和非吸烟者之间的内隐酒精唤醒关联没有差异，但在控制饮酒频率后，相对于每日吸烟者，非每日吸烟者的内隐酒精唤醒关联更强。此外，吸烟者相对于非吸烟者的内隐积极吸烟关联更强。在非每日吸烟者亚组中，在控制总饮酒和吸烟频率时，酒精和香烟更频繁的共同使用与更强的内隐积极吸烟关联相关。研究结果表明，内隐酒精和吸烟关联可能与吸烟模式（每日与非每日）以及非重度吸烟的年轻成年饮酒者中酒精和香烟的共同使用有关，这凸显了对内隐关联在香烟和酒精共同使用中作用进行更多研究的必要性。
