Department of Psychiatry and Women's Health Research at Yale, Yale University School of Medicine, and Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA.
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:649-74. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185549. Epub 2012 Nov 13.
Currently, 8.5% of the US population meets criteria for alcohol use disorders, with a total cost to the US economy estimated at $234 billion per year. Alcohol and tobacco use share a high degree of comorbidity and interact across many levels of analysis. This review begins by highlighting alcohol and tobacco comorbidity and presenting evidence that tobacco increases the risk for alcohol misuse and likely has a causal role in this relationship. We then discuss how knowledge of alcohol and tobacco interactions can be used to reduce alcohol use, focusing on whether (a) smoking status can be used as a clinical indicator for alcohol misuse, (b) tobacco policies reduce alcohol use, and (c) nicotinic-based medications can be used to treat alcohol use disorders.
目前，美国有 8.5%的人口符合酒精使用障碍的标准，美国经济每年为此付出的代价估计为 2340 亿美元。酒精和烟草的使用存在高度的共病性，并在许多分析层面相互作用。本综述首先强调了酒精和烟草的共病性，并提出了证据表明烟草会增加酒精滥用的风险，而且很可能在这种关系中起着因果作用。然后，我们讨论了如何利用对酒精和烟草相互作用的认识来减少酒精使用，重点讨论了以下三个方面：（a）吸烟状况是否可以用作酒精滥用的临床指标；（b）烟草政策是否能减少酒精使用；（c）尼古丁类药物是否可以用于治疗酒精使用障碍。
