Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, China.
Br J Soc Psychol. 2020 Apr;59(2):329-346. doi: 10.1111/bjso.12345. Epub 2019 Oct 9.
Individual-based relative deprivation (IRD) refers to anger and resentment associated with upward interpersonal comparison. Four studies investigated whether and when IRD can be a result of receiving help. In all the studies, we found an interaction between type of help (i.e., autonomy-oriented vs. dependency-oriented help) and status discrepancy such that participants experienced a higher level of IRD after receiving dependency-oriented help from a higher status helper than in other conditions. This interaction emerged uniquely on IRD, but not on general affect, self-esteem, or evaluations of helper. Moreover, Study 3 indicated that the perception of a diminished likelihood of changing mediated the impact of dependency-oriented, high-status help on IRD. Study 4 showed that IRD stemming from such help was positively associated with prioritizing self-interest over others'. Implications for research on help and IRD are discussed.
个体相对剥夺（IRD）是指与向上人际比较相关的愤怒和怨恨。四项研究探讨了IRD 是否以及何时可能是接受帮助的结果。在所有研究中，我们发现帮助类型（即自主导向型与依赖导向型帮助）和地位差异之间存在交互作用，即与从地位较高的帮助者那里获得依赖导向型帮助相比，参与者在其他条件下经历更高水平的 IRD。这种相互作用仅在 IRD 上出现，而不在一般情感、自尊或对帮助者的评价上出现。此外，研究 3 表明，感知到改变的可能性降低中介了依赖导向型、高地位帮助对 IRD 的影响。研究 4 表明，源于这种帮助的 IRD 与将自身利益置于他人利益之上呈正相关。讨论了对帮助和 IRD 研究的启示。
