Senior Associate Professor, Public Health Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.
Associate Professor, Public Health Faculty, São Paulo University , São Paulo , Brazil.
Sex Reprod Health Matters. 2019 May;27(2):1669338. doi: 10.1080/26410397.2019.1669338.
This article discusses political setbacks related to sexual and reproductive health and rights that have occurred in Brazil in the last 5 years (2014-2018) resulting from the significant role played by Christian (Evangelical and Catholic) parliamentarians in the legislative branch. Political initiatives aimed at prohibiting the affirmation of sexual and reproductive rights, while also curtailing debate about sexuality and gender in schools and universities, have raised "moral panic" within some elements of Brazilian society. The discursive strategies used around so-called "gender ideology" stimulated the formation of civil organisations which promote morality based on right-wing political positions. For this study, we looked at official documents and bibliographic material to examine how issues related to abortion rights, health care in cases of sexual violence, the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and homosexual citizenship are currently being suppressed, compromising the defence and advancement of the sexual and reproductive rights of women and the LGBTI+ population. The results point to the steady weakening of public policies that had become law in the 1980s, a time of Brazilian re-democratisation after two decades of military dictatorship. A wide range of civil, political and social rights, which saw significant growth and consolidation over the last 20 years, were rolled back after the resurgence of the extreme right wing in the federal legislature, culminating in the election of the current president in October 2018. However, social movements have increased in strength in the last few decades, especially the black feminist and LGBTI+ rights movements. These movements continue to provide political resistance, striving to affirm and protect all sexual and reproductive rights achieved to date.
本文讨论了过去 5 年（2014-2018 年）巴西在性健康和生殖健康及权利方面遭遇的政治挫折，其根源在于基督教（福音派和天主教）议员在立法机构中发挥了重要作用。一些政治倡议旨在禁止肯定性健康和生殖权利，同时限制学校和大学讨论性和性别问题，这些倡议在巴西社会的一些群体中引发了“道德恐慌”。围绕所谓的“性别意识形态”而使用的一些话语策略，刺激了一些基于右翼政治立场的宣扬道德的公民社会组织的形成。在这项研究中，我们查阅了官方文件和文献资料，以研究与堕胎权、性暴力案件中的医疗保健、性传播感染的预防以及同性恋公民身份相关的问题目前是如何受到压制的，这些问题损害了妇女和男女同性恋、双性恋、跨性别和无性恋群体的性健康和生殖健康权利的维护和推进。研究结果表明，在巴西经历了二十年军事独裁统治之后，于 20 世纪 80 年代成为法律的公共政策正在稳步削弱。在联邦立法机构中极右翼势力复兴之后，过去 20 年来在公民、政治和社会权利方面取得的广泛进展出现了倒退，在 2018 年 10 月现任总统当选后达到了顶峰。然而，在过去几十年中，社会运动的力量不断增强，特别是黑人民权运动和男女同性恋、双性恋、跨性别和无性恋群体的权利运动。这些运动继续提供政治抵制，努力肯定和保护迄今为止取得的所有性健康和生殖健康权利。
