Hakim Antoine M
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Front Neurol. 2019 Sep 24;10:1020. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01020. eCollection 2019.
Small vessel disease (SVD) refers to conditions where damage to arterioles and capillaries is predominant, leading to reduced, or interrupted perfusion of the affected organ. Data suggest that when this condition is evident in any organ, it is already systemic in its occurrence and consequences. SVD affects primarily organs that receive significant portions of cardiac output such as the brain, the kidney, and the retina. Thus, SVD is a major etiologic cause in debilitating conditions such as renal failure, blindness, lacunar infarcts, and dementia. The factors that lead to this devastating condition include all the known vascular risk factors when they are not strictly controlled, but lifestyles that include sedentary existence, obesity, and poor sleep patterns are also recognized drivers of SVD. In addition, depression is now recognized as a vascular risk factor. Inflammation is a mediator of SVD, but it is not known which factor(s) predominate in its etiology. This article emphasizes the need for more investigations to define this link further and suggests clinical and societal responses that might reduce the major impacts of this condition on populations.
小血管疾病（SVD）是指以小动脉和毛细血管损伤为主的病症，可导致受影响器官的灌注减少或中断。数据表明，当这种情况在任何器官中明显出现时，其发生和后果已经具有全身性。SVD主要影响接受大量心输出量的器官，如大脑、肾脏和视网膜。因此，SVD是导致肾衰竭、失明、腔隙性梗死和痴呆等衰弱病症的主要病因。导致这种毁灭性病症的因素包括所有未得到严格控制的已知血管危险因素，但久坐不动的生活方式、肥胖和不良睡眠模式等生活方式也被认为是SVD的驱动因素。此外，抑郁症现在被认为是一种血管危险因素。炎症是SVD的介质，但尚不清楚在其病因中哪些因素起主要作用。本文强调需要进行更多研究以进一步明确这种联系，并提出可能减少该病症对人群主要影响的临床和社会应对措施。
