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记忆的命运:评麦克洛斯基和萨拉戈萨的观点

The fate of memory: comment on McCloskey and Zaragoza.

作者信息

Loftus E F, Schooler J W, Wagenaar W A

出版信息

J Exp Psychol Gen. 1985 Sep;114(3):375-87. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.114.3.375.

Abstract

McCloskey and Zaragoza (1985) argue that misleading postevent suggestions do not affect the availability of originally encoded information. Their hypothesis stems from empirical work using a modified paradigm in which no effect of postevent information is observed. Although their "no impairment" hypothesis is plausible, careful consideration of the predictions of their experimental test suggests that it may be insufficiently sensitive to reveal the impact of postevent information. A small effect of postevent information can be observed when their paradigm is repeated with a more sensitive recognition test. McCloskey and Zaragoza's no impairment hypothesis is also difficult to reconcile with numerous reports of "blend" memories that reflect a compromise between the original and postevent information.

摘要

麦克洛斯基和萨拉戈萨(1985年)认为,误导性的事后建议不会影响最初编码信息的可用性。他们的假设源于使用一种改良范式的实证研究,在该范式中未观察到事后信息的影响。尽管他们的“无损害”假设看似合理,但仔细考虑其实验测试的预测结果表明,该假设可能不够灵敏,无法揭示事后信息的影响。当使用更灵敏的识别测试重复他们的范式时,可以观察到事后信息的微小影响。麦克洛斯基和萨拉戈萨的无损害假设也难以与众多关于“混合”记忆的报告相协调,这些报告反映了原始信息和事后信息之间的折中。

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