University of Utah, Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah.
University of California San Francisco, Department of Dermatology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California.
J Invest Dermatol. 2020 Feb;140(2):291-297. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.002. Epub 2019 Oct 14.
To date, over 1000 melanocytic neoplasms, spanning all stages of tumorigenesis, have been sequenced, offering detailed views into their -omic landscapes. This has coincided with advances in genetic engineering technologies that allow molecular biologists to edit the human genome with extreme precision and new mouse models to simulate disease progression. In this review, we describe how these technologies are being harnessed to provide insights into the evolution of melanoma at an unprecedented resolution, revealing that prior models of melanoma evolution, in which pathways are turned 'on' or 'off' in a binary fashion during the run-up to melanoma, are oversimplified.
迄今为止，已经对超过 1000 种黑色素瘤肿瘤进行了测序，涵盖了肿瘤发生的各个阶段，为了解它们的组学特征提供了详细的信息。与此同时，遗传工程技术也取得了进展，使得分子生物学家能够以前所未有的精度编辑人类基因组，并开发出新的小鼠模型来模拟疾病的进展。在这篇综述中，我们描述了如何利用这些技术提供对黑色素瘤进化的深入了解，揭示了之前的黑色素瘤进化模型，即黑色素瘤发生过程中途径以二进制方式“开启”或“关闭”，过于简单化。
