Knox Justin, Hasin Deborah S, Larson Farren R R, Kranzler Henry R
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 Dec;6(12):1054-1067. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30213-5. Epub 2019 Oct 17.
Heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder are major public health problems. Practitioners not specialising in alcohol treatment are often unaware of the guidelines for preventing, identifying, and treating heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder. However, a consensus exists that clinically useful and valuable tools are available to address these issues. Here, we review existing information and developments from the past 5 years in these areas. We also include information on heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder among individuals with co-occurring psychiatric disorders, including drug use disorders. Areas covered include prevention; screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment; evidence-based behavioural interventions; medication-assisted treatment; technology-based interventions (eHealth and mHealth); and population-level interventions. We also discuss the key topics for future research.
大量饮酒和酒精使用障碍是主要的公共卫生问题。非专门从事酒精治疗的从业者往往不了解预防、识别和治疗大量饮酒及酒精使用障碍的指南。然而，人们已达成共识，即有一些对临床有用且有价值的工具可用于解决这些问题。在此，我们回顾过去5年这些领域的现有信息和进展。我们还纳入了有关同时患有精神疾病（包括药物使用障碍）的个体中大量饮酒和酒精使用障碍的信息。涵盖的领域包括预防；筛查、简短干预及转介治疗；循证行为干预；药物辅助治疗；基于技术的干预（电子健康和移动健康）；以及人群层面的干预。我们还讨论了未来研究的关键主题。
